Food: A British History, 1800–1914

Peter Atkins is Emeritus Professor of Geography at the University of Durham. His principal interest over several decades has been food history, with particular reference to perishable foodstuffs, and the geography of food generally.

• Volume II: Embodied Food History of Nineteenth-Century BritainGeneral IntroductionTimelineVolume II IntroductionPart 1. The Senses1.1 Hearing, Smelling, Tasting1. ANON., ‘THE CRIES OF LONDON’, All the Year Round (28 March 1885), pp. 33-72. Edward Ballard, Report in Respect of the Inquiry as to Effluvium-Nuisances Arising in Connexion with Various Manufacturing and Other Branches of Industry, Part I, Sixth Annual Report of the Local Government Board. 1876-77. Supplement Containing the Report of the Medical Officer for 1876, B.P.P. 1878 (C.1909) xxxvii. Pt II. 117-355.3. EVIDENCE OF HENRY ELLIS, Select Committee on Tea Duties, B.P.P. 1834 (518) xvii.71-72, QQ.1011-18, [images 75-76]1.2 Gourmets, Gourmandism and Gluttony4. THOMAS WALKER, ARISTOLOGY OR THE ART OF DINING, (London: Bell, 1881), pp. 3-4, 95. CHARLES LAMB, THE WORKS OF CHARLES LAMB¸ (Boston: Crosby, Nichols, Lee & Co. 1860), vol. 4, p. 76-96. ELIA [CHARLES LAMB], A DISSERTATION UPON ROAST PIG, IN ELIA: ESSAYS WHICH HAVE APPEARED UNDER THAT SIGNATURE IN THE LONDON MAGAZINE, (London: Taylor and Hessey 1823), pp. 276-887. [Frederick Tolfrey], ‘A GASTRONOMIC SURVEY OF THE DINING-HOUSES IN LONDON’, Bentley’s Miscellany (May 1839), pp. 470-781.3 Obesity8. WILLIAM BANTING, LETTER ON CORPULENCE, ADDRESSED TO THE PUBLIC, (London: Harrison 1863), pp. 7-259. ANON., ‘FAT PEOPLE’, All the Year Round (19 November 1864), pp. 352-5510. ANON., ‘OVER-EATING’, Spectator (23 October 1880), pp. 1343-441.4 Indigestion and Constipation11. JAMES ENO, A TREATISE ON THE STOMACH AND ITS TRIALS, (London: Newbery ?1870), pp. 4-612. A MINISTER OF THE INTERIOR [SYDNEY WHITING], MEMOIRS OF A STOMACH, (London: Painter 1853), pp. 121-2813. [KITCHINER, W.], THE ART OF INVIGORATING AND PROLONGING LIFE … AND PEPTIC PRECEPTS, (London: Hurst, Robinson 1821), pp. 156-6014. RICHARD REECE, A PRACTICAL DISSERTATION ON THE MEANS OF OBVIATING AND TREATING VARIETIES OF COSTIVENESS, (London: Longman 1826), pp. 1-815. JOHN BURNE, TREATISE ON THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF HABITUAL CONSTIPATION, (London: Longman 1840), pp. 3, 22, 164-6516. ANON., THE FAMILY PHYSICIAN: A MANUAL OF DOMESTIC MEDICINE, (London: Cassell, 1e 1865, 2e 1890), pp. 354-59Part 2: Diets and Standard of Living2.1 Agricultural Labourers17. EVIDENCE OF THOMAS SMART, REPORT OF THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON LABOURERS’ WAGES, P.P. 1824 (HC.392) vi.53-56 [images 453-456]18. LUKE HINDMARSH, ‘ON THE STATE OF AGRICULTURE AND CONDITION OF THE AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS OF THE NORTHERN DIVISION OF NORTHUMBERLAND’, Journal of the Statistical Society of London 1 (1838), pp. 397-41419. ANON., ‘THE SCOTTISH FARM LABOURER’, Cornhill Magazine (November 1864), pp. 609-62220. EDWARD SMITH, SIXTH REPORT OF THE MEDICAL OFFICER OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL, 1863. APPENDIX 6: REPORT BY DR EDWARD SMITH ON THE FOOD OF THE POORER LABOURING CLASSES IN ENGLAND, B.P.P. 1864 xlvi, 216-329 [images 220-333]; 258 [image 262]21. [GEORGE MITCHELL], THE SKELETON AT THE PLOUGH, (London: Potter 1874), pp. 95-822. HERBERT LITTLE, ‘THE AGRICULTURAL LABOURER’, Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England 2nd. ser., 14 (1878), 763-802 [497-536]23. ROWLAND PROTHERO, THE PIONEERS AND PROGRESS OF ENGLISH FARMING, (London: Longman, 1888), pp. 224-2624. MEMORANDA, STATISTICAL TABLES, AND CHARTS PREPARED IN THE BOARD OF TRADE WITH REFERENCE TO VARIOUS MATTERS BEARING ON BRITISH AND FOREIGN TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS, B.P.P. 1903 (Cd. 1761) lxvii.210 [image 508]25. INTER-DEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE ON PHYSICAL DETERIORATION, B.P.P. 1904 (Cd. 2175) xxxii.126. B. SEEBOHM ROWNTREE AND MAY KENDALL, HOW THE LABOURER LIVES: A STUDY OF THE RURAL LABOUR PROBLEM, (London: Nelson 1913), pp. 42-72.2 Urban Workers27. WILLIAM NEILD, COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE INCOME AND EXPENDITURE OF CERTAIN FAMILIES OF THE WORKING CLASS IN MANCHESTER AND DUKINFIELD, IN THE YEARS 1836 AND 1841, Journal of the Statistical Society of London 4 (1842), pp. 320-34.28. LEE MERIWETHER, A TRAMP TRIP: HOW TO SEE EUROPE ON FIFTY CENTS A DAY, (New York: Harper & Bros 1886), p. 258, 262-6429. THE ECONOMIC CLUB, FAMILY BUDGETS: BEING THE INCOME AND EXPENSES OF TWENTY-EIGHT BRITISH HOUSEHOLDS, 1891-1894, (London: King 1896), pp. 20-2130. MEMORANDA, STATISTICAL TABLES, AND CHARTS PREPARED IN THE BOARD OF TRADE WITH REFERENCE TO VARIOUS MATTERS BEARING ON BRITISH AND FOREIGN TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS, B.P.P. 1903 (Cd. 1761) lxvii.213 [image 511]; p.231 [image 533]31. MAUD PEMBER REEVES, ROUND ABOUT A POUND A WEEK, (London: Bell 1914), pp. 97-982.3 Nutrition and the Body32. BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE (1883) FINAL REPORT OF THE ANTHROPOMETRIC COMMITTEE, (London: Spottiswoode 1883), pp. 6-7Part 3: Hunger and Poverty3.1 Thomas Malthus and his Critics#33. THOMAS ROBERT MALTHUS, AN ESSAY ON THE PRINCIPLE OF POPULATION(London: Johnson 1798), pp. 14, 135-4034. THOMAS HODGSKIN, POPULAR POLITICAL ECONOMY: FOUR LECTURES DELIVERED AT THE LONDON MECHANICS' INSTITUTION¸(London, Tait, 1827), pp. 26, 9334a. [THOMAS HODGSKIN], REVIEW OF POPULATION AND CAPITAL BY GEORGE K. RICKARDS, Economist (18 November 1854), pp. 1269-7035. ANON., ‘STATISTICS VERSUS MALTHUS’, Westminster Review (March 1889), pp. 286-973.2 Hard Times, Periods of Crisis36. THOMAS FISHER UNWIN AND JANE COBDEN UNWIN, THE HUNGRY FORTIES: LIFE UNDER THE BREAD TAX, (London: Unwin 1904), pp. 22-29, 61-63, 78-8237. EDWARD SMITH, REPORT ON THE NOURISHMENT OF THE DISTRESSED OPERATIVES, IN REPORTS RELATING TO THE SANITARY CONDITION OF THE COTTON TOWNS OF LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE, FIFTH REPORT OF THE MEDICAL OFFICER OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL, B.P.P. 1863 (HL.161) xxv.368-370 [images 456-458]3.3 Food-Poverty and Hunger38. FRIEDRICH ENGELS, THE CONDITION OF THE WORKING-CLASS IN ENGLAND IN 1844, (Leipzig: Wigand 1845), pp. 72-73, 101-0239. WILLIAM COBBETT, RURAL RIDES, (London: Culley 1826), vol. 1 (1912 Ed.), pp. 17-18, 60-62, 178-179; vol. 2, pp. 39-47, 50-53, 55, 70-71, 92-9340. [THOMAS HOOD] THE SONG OF THE SHIRT, Punch (December 1843)3.4 Starvation41. [JOHN LHOTSKY] DEATH BY STARVATION, AND EXTREME DISTRESS AMONG THE HUMBLER CLASSES, (London: Ollivier, 1844), pp. 4-942. [BART KENNEDY], ‘THE LAND OF STARVATION’, Daily Telegraph (December 30 1904), p.1243. DEATHS FROM STARVATION OR ACCELERATED BY PRIVATION (ENGLAND AND WALES) 1908, B.P.P. 1909 (HC. 337) lxxi.1-38 [images 5-42]Part 4. Responses to Hunger4.1 Soup Kitchens, Food Charities44. PHILO, ‘AN ACCOUNT OF THE SOUP SOCIETY [AND LANCASTERIAN SCHOOL] IN SPITALFIELDS’, Philanthropist 2 (1812), pp. 173-20045. DINAH MULOCK, BODIES AND SOULS: A DISCURSIVE PAPER, WITH GLIMPSES OF THE CITY OF BATH, Macmillan’s Magazine (October 1864), pp. 483-8446. NORMAN MACLEOD, ‘HOW CAN WE BEST RELIEVE OUR DESERVING POOR?’, Good Words (August 1866), pp. 554-6247. E.M.P., ‘A PILGRIMAGE IN CENTRAL LONDON’, ST JAMES’S MAGAZINE, (October 1871), pp. 511-194.2 Workhouses48. APPENDIX TO THE SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE POOR LAW COMMISSIONERS FOR ENGLAND AND WALES, P.P. 1836 (C.320-I) vii, pp. 56-59 [images 55-58]49. DIETARIES FOR INMATES OF WORKHOUSES: REPORT TO PRESIDENT OF POOR LAW BOARD BY DOCTOR EDWARD SMITH, P.P. 1866 (C.3660) xxxv.19-21, 52-56, 59, 64, 67 [images 343-344, 377-381, 383, 388, 391]50. REPORT OF FRANCIS W. ROWSELL, ESQUIRE, SUPERINTENDENT OF CONTRACTS, ADMIRALTY […] RELATIVE TO THE SYSTEM OF SUPPLY OF PROVISIONS AND STORES FOR THE WORKHOUSES OF THE METROPOLIS, B.P.P. 1872 (HC.275) li. 21, 24, 33, 72-73 [images 619, 622, 631, 670-671]4.3 Prisons51. HENRY MAYHEW AND JOHN BINNY, THE CRIMINAL PRISONS OF LONDON AND SCENES OF PRISON LIFE, (London: Griffin Bohn 1862), pp, 132-3552. EDWARD SMITH, THE PRESENT STATE OF THE DIETARY QUESTION, (London: Walton & Maberly 1864), pp. 5-953. RULE FOR THE DIETARIES OF THE PRISONS IN ENGLAND AND WALES, 1865 and 1877, B.P.P. 1878 (H.C. 93) lxiii.73754. SYLVIA PANKHURST, ‘FORCIBLY FED: THE STORY OF MY FOUR WEEKS IN HOLLOWAY GAOL’, McClure’s Magazine (August 1913), pp. 87-9355. FRED. E. WYNNE AND C.H. NORMAN (1909) LETTERS TO THE EDITOR,Manchester Guardian (1 October 1909), p. 456. ANON., ‘FASTING PRISONERS AND COMPULSORY FEEDING’, British Medical Journal (2 October 1909), pp. 997-984.4 School Feeding57. SPECIAL REPORT AND REPORT FROM THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON THE EDUCATION (PROVISION OF MEALS) BILL, 1906; AND THE EDUCATION (PROVISION OF MEALS) (SCOTLAND) BILL, 1906, B.P.P. 1906 (H.C. 288) viii.109-110 [images 223-224]58. CHARLES R. MORLEY, A LITTLE DINNER IN THE BOROUGH, IN IDEM., STUDIES IN BOARD SCHOOLS, (London: Smith, Elder, 1897), pp. 35-504.5 Regional Variations59. THE NEW STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF SCOTLAND, 14 volumes (Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1834-1845)60. ROBERT HUTCHISON, REPORT ON THE DIETARIES OF SCOTCH AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS, Transactions of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland 4th series, vol. II (1868-69), pp. 1-29Part 5: Food and Health5.1 Food-Borne Disease61. ANON., ‘DISEASED MEAT’, Leader (30 August 1856), p. 81962. ANON., ‘UNWHOLESOME MEAT’, London Review (3 October 1863), pp. 359-6063. RETURN FROM TOWN CLERKS OF ENGLAND OF MEANS ADOPTED FOR PREVENTION OF SALE OF DISEASED AND UNSOUND MEAT FOR HUMAN FOOD; AND WHAT AMOUNT OF MEAT IN AS DISEASED OR UNSOUND STATE HAS BEEN SEIZED BY THEIR OFFICERS DURING THE YEARS 1861 AND 1862; AND WHAT LEGAL PROCEEDINGS OR PROSECUTIONS IN RESPECT THEREOF HAVE BEEN INSTITUTED AND WITH WHAT RESULTS, B.P.P. 1863 (HC.257) xlviii.499 [image 91]64. HENRY LITTLEJOHN, ‘SALE OF DISEASED MEAT’, REPORT ON THE SANITARY CONDITION OF THE CITY OF EDINBURGH, (Edinburgh: Colston 1865), pp. 56-6165. ANON, TUBERCULOUS MEAT. PROCEEDINGS AT TRIAL UNDER PETITIONS AT THE INSTANCE OF THE GLASGOW LOCAL AUTHORITY AGAINST HUGH COUPER AND CHARLES MOORE, BEFORE SHERIFF BERRY, AT GLASGOW, ON MAY 28, 29, 30, 31, AND JUNE 1 AND 17, 1889, INTERLOCUTORS, 20TH JUNE, 1889 (Glasgow: William Hodge & Co. 1889)66. ANON., ‘THE MANCHESTER DISEASED MEAT TRAFFIC’, City Jackdaw (24 November 1897), p. 1367. [EDMUND VERNEY], ‘THE INHABITANTS OF MILK’, Contemporary Review (November 1897), pp. 709-72168. LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD: SUPPLEMENT TO TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL REPORT, CONTAINING REPORT OF MEDICAL OFFICER, 1899-1900, B.P.P. 1900 (Cd. 299) xxxiv.pp.xxiii-xxiv [images 23-24]69. ROBERT KOCH, IN [MORRIS, M.] (ED.)(1901) TRANSACTIONS OF THE BRITISH CONGRESS ON TUBERCULOSIS, 1901, VOLUME 1 (London: Clowes 1901), pp. 23-3570. ANON., EDITORIAL, THE SCOTSMAN, (25 June 1903), p. 471. ANON., ‘TUBERCULOUS COWS’, Journal of the Royal Society of Arts (19 November 1909) p. 73872. AUGUSTE SHERIDAN DELEPINE, REPORT TO THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD ON INVESTIGATIONS … UPON THE PREVALENCE AND SOURCES OF TUBERCLE BACILLI IN COW’S MILK, THIRTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD, 1908-09, SUPPLEMENT CONTAINING THE REPORT OF THE MEDICAL OFFICER, B.P.P. 1909 (Cd. 4935) xxix.341-414 [images 777-880]5.2 Infant Foods and Infant Mortality73. ANON., ‘FOOD FOR INFANTS’; ‘INFANTS’ FOOD’; and ‘THE INFANT’S FOOD’, Bow Bells (28 October 1868, p.333; 1 July 1870, p.520; 30 October 1872, p. 358)74. WILLIAM STANLEY JEVONS, ‘MARRIED WOMEN IN FACTORIES’, Contemporary Review (January 1882), pp. 37-5375. EVIDENCE OF HERBERT PRESTON-THOMAS, A GENERAL INSPECTOR OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD TO THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON FOOD PRODUCTS ADULTERATION, B.P.P. 1894 (253) xii, 28 [image 36], qq.394-9576. J.E. COONEY, ‘SOME COMMON MISTAKES ABOUT BABIES’, Windsor Magazine (January 1895), pp. 586-9077. INTER-DEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE ON PHYSICAL DETERIORATION. VOL. I. – REPORT AND APPENDIX, B.P.P. 1904 (Cd. 2175) xxxii.46-48 [images 52-54]78. JOHN THEODORE DODD, ‘INFANTILE MORTALITY AND ITS REMEDIES’, Economic Review (July 1904), pp. 342-4579. ANON., ‘BRITISH INDUSTRIES. X: DR RIDGE’S FOOD MANUFACTORY’, Tinsley’s Magazine (April, 1890), pp. 329-37ReferencesIndex