Debra Bick is Professor of Evidence Based Midwifery Practice, Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London and Editor in Chief of Midwifery: An International Journal Ian D. Graham is Vice President for Knowledge Translation, Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Associate Professor, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa and Affiliate Senior Social Scientist, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute

• Contributors’ information ForewordPreface1 The importance of addressing outcomes of evidence-based practice (Debra Bick and Ian D. Graham)IntroductionWhy are outcomes of EBP important?The development of EBPWhat is evidence?Models and frameworks to support research useWhy is it important to measure/evaluate the impact of EBP?Why do interventions of unproven benefit continue to beimplemented?The importance of outcomes in policy and politicsConclusionReferences2 Measuring outcomes of evidence-based practice: Distinguishing between knowledge use and its impact (Ian D. Graham, Debra Bick, Jacqueline Tetroe, Sharon E. Straus, and Margaret B. Harrison)IntroductionKnowledge useMeasurement considerationsMeasuring knowledge useEvaluating the impact of knowledge useMeasuring outcomes of EBP and return on investmentConclusionReferences3 Models and approaches to inform the impacts of implementation of evidence-based practice (Joyce Wilkinson, Neil Johnson, and Peter Wimpenny)IntroductionA model typologyConclusionAcknowledgmentReferences4 An outcomes framework for knowledge translation (Diane M. Doran)IntroductionPurpose of the frameworkThe focus on outcomesPractice reflection based on outcomesOutcomes feedbackPatient preferences for careFacilitation to support changeRelated theoretical modelsConclusionReferences5 Outcomes of evidence-based practice: practice to policy perspectives (Margaret B. Harrison)IntroductionBackgroundBuilding the case for change for EBPUnderstanding the environment and current careMeasuring the impact of EBP/careLimitations of different approachesChoose outcomes wiselyConclusionReferences6 Implementing and sustaining evidence in nursing care of cardiovascular disease (Anne Sales)IntroductionA brief history of the evolution of cardiology in practiceSystem approaches to changing delivery of cardiovascular careOutcomes and their impactNursing-focused evidence-informed care for patientswith cardiovascular health problemsConclusionReferences7 Outcomes of implementation that matter to health service users (Debra Bick and Ian D. Graham)IntroductionEnhancing the contribution of service users to health service policy and researchDefining EBP priorities and outcomes from a service user perspectivePatient-reported outcome measuresAddressing the challenges and developing the evidence baseAcknowledgmentsReferences8 Evaluating the impact of implementation on economic outcomes (Lisa Gold)IntroductionEconomicsEconomic evaluation of EBPBarriers to economic evaluation—ethics and research efficiencyConclusionReferences9 Sustaining evidence-based practice systems and measuring the impacts (Barbara Davies, Dominique Tremblay, and Nancy Edwards)IntroductionThe need for and concept of “sustainability” of EBP changeMaintaining the integrity of EBPSustainability modelsStrategies for more sustainable EBPA suggested development process for indicators thatwill be sustainableCriteria for selecting sustainability indicatorsExemplars and issues around the sustainability ofEBP systemsConclusionReferences10 A review of the use of outcome measures of evidence-based practice in guideline implementation studies in Nursing, Allied Health Professions, and Medicine (Christina M. Godfrey, Margaret B. Harrison, and Ian D. Graham)Method and background on the reviewsDiscussionConclusionReferencesAppendixIndex