Dr. Richard John Chacon is an associate professor of Anthropology in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Winthrop University. His research interests include human behavioral ecology, natural resource conservation, warfare, belief systems, medical anthropology, and the indigenous peoples of the Americas. Dr. Ruben G. Mendoza is a professor of Anthropology in the Department of Social, Behavioral, and Global Studies at the California State University, Monterey Bay. His research interests and publications address pre-Hispanic and Colonial era art, architecture, cosmology, and Amerindian warfare, ritual violence, and social complexity. .