GREGORY D. CASCINO is the Whitney MacMillan, Jr. Professor of Neuroscience at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. JOSEPH I. SIRVEN is Professor of Neurology at the Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA. WILLIAM O. TATUM is Professor of Neurology at the Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

• Preface xxiiiForeword xxvList of Contributors xxviiSection I Epilepsy: Epidemiology, Diagnostic Evaluation and Co-Morbidities 11 Introduction and Epidemiology 3Joseph I. Sirven and Gregory D. Cascino2 Classification of Seizures and the Epilepsies 11Elaine C. Wirrell3 Etiology and Pathology of Epilepsy 23Katherine C. Nickels and Katherine Noe4 Genetics of Epilepsy 37Anthony L. Fine, Lily C. Wong-Kisiel and Raj D. Sheth5 Burden of Epilepsy 63J. Layne Moore, Amy Z. Crepeau and Gregory D. Cascino6 EEG and Epilepsy 77Anteneh M. Feyissa, Gregory A. Worrell and Terrence D. Lagerlund7 Neuroimaging in Epilepsy 99Benjamin H. Brinkmann, Elson L. So, Robert E. Watson and Amy L. Kotsenas8 The Evaluation of Nonepileptic Paroxysmal Events 117Sara Dawit and Joseph F. Drazkowski9 Sleep, Sleep Disorders, and Epilepsy 133Diego Z. Carvalho, J. Layne Moore and Erik K. St. LouisEpilepsy Journey: Identification of a Genetic Etiology for Epilepsy 147Anthony L. Fine, Lily C. Wong-Kisiel and Raj D. ShethEpilepsy Journey 2: Evaluation of Spells in Adults 153David B. BurkholderEpilepsy Journey 3: The Pediatric Patient with Spells: Recommendations for Evaluation 157Katherine C. Nickels and Elaine C. WirrellEpilepsy Journey 4: Transitioning from Pediatric to Adult Epilepsy Clinic 165Gregory D. Cascino, Katherine C. Nickels and Elaine C. WirrellSection II Epilepsy: Treatment of Epilepsy: Non-Surgical Therapy 16910 First Seizure 171Scott Spritzer and Omar Danoun11 Antiseizure Medication Therapy 179Kiran M. Kanth, Sarah Clark and Jeffrey W. Britton12 Epilepsy in Women 217Katherine Noe13 Treating Children with Epilepsy: Antiepileptic Medications (AEDs) 229Raj D. Sheth14 Dietary Therapy in Epilepsy 239Katherine C. Nickels and Elaine C. Wirrell15 Autoimmune Epilepsy Disorders 249Jeffrey W. Britton, Eoin P. Flanagan, Andrew McKeon and Sean J. Pittock16 Discontinuation of Antiseizure Medication 275Jamal F. Khattak and Jeffrey W. Britton17 Investigational Therapy and Drug Approval Process within the US and Cannabidiol 287Gregory Sprout, Joseph I. Sirven and Gregory D. Cascino18 Devices to Monitor and Track Your Epilepsy 301Nicholas M. Gregg and Amy Z. CrepeauEpilepsy Journey 5: Seizure Emergencies (Include status Epilepticus, Fires, Norse, Seizure First Aid, and Seizure Clusters) 313Anteneh M. Feyissa, Matthew T. Hoerth and Eric T. PayneEpilepsy Journey 6: The First seizure -- How to Evaluate: Pediatric 315Korwyn WilliamsEpilepsy Journey 7: The First Seizure -- How to Evaluate: Adult 317Paul M. Magtibay and Joseph I. SirvenEpilepsy Journey 8: Treating Epilepsy Second Seizure and beyond: How to Choose a Drug -- An Algorithm 321Amy Z. CrepeauEpilepsy Journey 9: Treating Status Epilepticus: An Algorithm 325Sara E. Hocker and Eric T. PayneEpilepsy Journey 10: Withdrawal of ASDs in Adults: An Algorithm 331Sarah A. Merrill, Kent R. Richter and Joseph I. SirvenEpilepsy Journey 11: Withdrawal of ASDs in Seizure-Free Patients Children: The PediatricNeurologist’s Perspective 335Elaine C. WirrellEpilepsy Journey 12: Withdrawing ASDs in Adults after Epilepsy Surgery 339Christian Rosenow, Luca Farrugia, Andrew Pines and Joseph I. SirvenEpilepsy Journey 13: The Pregnant Patient with Epilepsy: An Algorithm 343Katherine NoeSection III Epilepsy: Treatment of Epilepsy: Surgical Management 34519 Pre-surgical Evaluation 347David B. Burkholder, Anthony L. Ritaccio and Cheolsu Shin20 Minimally Invasive Epilepsy Surgery 367Sanjeet S. Grewal, Robert E. Wharen Jr. and William O. Tatum21 Intracranial EEG Monitoring 381Jamie J. Van Gompel, Katherine Noe and Richard S. Zimmerman22 Surgical Strategies (Include Cortical Resection, Lesionectomy, Cortical Stimulation and Functional Mapping, Hemispherotomy) 401Angela Bohnen, W. Richard Marsh, Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa and Kaisorn L. Chaichana23 Corpus Callosotomy 413Elaine C. Wirrell, Lily C. Wong-Kisiel and Kai J. Miller24 Neuromodulation for Epilepsy 431Brian N. Lundstrom, Robert E. Wharen, Jr and William O. Tatum25 Emerging Treatments for Epilepsy 441Gregory A. Worrell, Benjamin H. Brinkmann, Brian N. Lundstrom and Matt Stead26 Seizure Forecasting in Epilepsy: From Computation to Clinical Practice 451Benjamin H. Brinkmann, Nicholas M. Gregg and Gregory A. WorrellEpilepsy Journey 14: The Drug-Resistant Patient: Pre-surgical Evaluation and Surgery-Approach to the "Skip" Candidate 463Anteneh M. Feyissa and David B. BurkholderEpilepsy Journey 15: The Drug-Resistant Patient and Discordant Pre-surgical Evaluation 469Lily C. Wong-Kisiel, Elson L. So and Richard S. ZimmermanEpilepsy Journey 16: The Drug-Resistant Patient who is not a Candidate for Resective Surgery: An Approach to Neuromodulation 477Anthony L. Ritaccio and William O. TatumEpilepsy Journey 17: Epilepsy Surgery in Pediatric Patients 483Raj D. Sheth, Kai J. Miller and Elaine C. WirrellReferences 489Index 491

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GREGORY D. CASCINO is the Whitney MacMillan, Jr. Professor of Neuroscience at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. JOSEPH I. SIRVEN is Professor of Neurology at the Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA. WILLIAM O. TATUM is Professor of Neurology at the Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

• Preface xxiiiForeword xxvList of Contributors xxviiSection I Epilepsy: Epidemiology, Diagnostic Evaluation and Co-Morbidities 11 Introduction and Epidemiology 3Joseph I. Sirven and Gregory D. Cascino2 Classification of Seizures and the Epilepsies 11Elaine C. Wirrell3 Etiology and Pathology of Epilepsy 23Katherine C. Nickels and Katherine Noe4 Genetics of Epilepsy 37Anthony L. Fine, Lily C. Wong-Kisiel and Raj D. Sheth5 Burden of Epilepsy 63J. Layne Moore, Amy Z. Crepeau and Gregory D. Cascino6 EEG and Epilepsy 77Anteneh M. Feyissa, Gregory A. Worrell and Terrence D. Lagerlund7 Neuroimaging in Epilepsy 99Benjamin H. Brinkmann, Elson L. So, Robert E. Watson and Amy L. Kotsenas8 The Evaluation of Nonepileptic Paroxysmal Events 117Sara Dawit and Joseph F. Drazkowski9 Sleep, Sleep Disorders, and Epilepsy 133Diego Z. Carvalho, J. Layne Moore and Erik K. St. LouisEpilepsy Journey: Identification of a Genetic Etiology for Epilepsy 147Anthony L. Fine, Lily C. Wong-Kisiel and Raj D. ShethEpilepsy Journey 2: Evaluation of Spells in Adults 153David B. BurkholderEpilepsy Journey 3: The Pediatric Patient with Spells: Recommendations for Evaluation 157Katherine C. Nickels and Elaine C. WirrellEpilepsy Journey 4: Transitioning from Pediatric to Adult Epilepsy Clinic 165Gregory D. Cascino, Katherine C. Nickels and Elaine C. WirrellSection II Epilepsy: Treatment of Epilepsy: Non-Surgical Therapy 16910 First Seizure 171Scott Spritzer and Omar Danoun11 Antiseizure Medication Therapy 179Kiran M. Kanth, Sarah Clark and Jeffrey W. Britton12 Epilepsy in Women 217Katherine Noe13 Treating Children with Epilepsy: Antiepileptic Medications (AEDs) 229Raj D. Sheth14 Dietary Therapy in Epilepsy 239Katherine C. Nickels and Elaine C. Wirrell15 Autoimmune Epilepsy Disorders 249Jeffrey W. Britton, Eoin P. Flanagan, Andrew McKeon and Sean J. Pittock16 Discontinuation of Antiseizure Medication 275Jamal F. Khattak and Jeffrey W. Britton17 Investigational Therapy and Drug Approval Process within the US and Cannabidiol 287Gregory Sprout, Joseph I. Sirven and Gregory D. Cascino18 Devices to Monitor and Track Your Epilepsy 301Nicholas M. Gregg and Amy Z. CrepeauEpilepsy Journey 5: Seizure Emergencies (Include status Epilepticus, Fires, Norse, Seizure First Aid, and Seizure Clusters) 313Anteneh M. Feyissa, Matthew T. Hoerth and Eric T. PayneEpilepsy Journey 6: The First seizure -- How to Evaluate: Pediatric 315Korwyn WilliamsEpilepsy Journey 7: The First Seizure -- How to Evaluate: Adult 317Paul M. Magtibay and Joseph I. SirvenEpilepsy Journey 8: Treating Epilepsy Second Seizure and beyond: How to Choose a Drug -- An Algorithm 321Amy Z. CrepeauEpilepsy Journey 9: Treating Status Epilepticus: An Algorithm 325Sara E. Hocker and Eric T. PayneEpilepsy Journey 10: Withdrawal of ASDs in Adults: An Algorithm 331Sarah A. Merrill, Kent R. Richter and Joseph I. SirvenEpilepsy Journey 11: Withdrawal of ASDs in Seizure-Free Patients Children: The PediatricNeurologist’s Perspective 335Elaine C. WirrellEpilepsy Journey 12: Withdrawing ASDs in Adults after Epilepsy Surgery 339Christian Rosenow, Luca Farrugia, Andrew Pines and Joseph I. SirvenEpilepsy Journey 13: The Pregnant Patient with Epilepsy: An Algorithm 343Katherine NoeSection III Epilepsy: Treatment of Epilepsy: Surgical Management 34519 Pre-surgical Evaluation 347David B. Burkholder, Anthony L. Ritaccio and Cheolsu Shin20 Minimally Invasive Epilepsy Surgery 367Sanjeet S. Grewal, Robert E. Wharen Jr. and William O. Tatum21 Intracranial EEG Monitoring 381Jamie J. Van Gompel, Katherine Noe and Richard S. Zimmerman22 Surgical Strategies (Include Cortical Resection, Lesionectomy, Cortical Stimulation and Functional Mapping, Hemispherotomy) 401Angela Bohnen, W. Richard Marsh, Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa and Kaisorn L. Chaichana23 Corpus Callosotomy 413Elaine C. Wirrell, Lily C. Wong-Kisiel and Kai J. Miller24 Neuromodulation for Epilepsy 431Brian N. Lundstrom, Robert E. Wharen, Jr and William O. Tatum25 Emerging Treatments for Epilepsy 441Gregory A. Worrell, Benjamin H. Brinkmann, Brian N. Lundstrom and Matt Stead26 Seizure Forecasting in Epilepsy: From Computation to Clinical Practice 451Benjamin H. Brinkmann, Nicholas M. Gregg and Gregory A. WorrellEpilepsy Journey 14: The Drug-Resistant Patient: Pre-surgical Evaluation and Surgery-Approach to the "Skip" Candidate 463Anteneh M. Feyissa and David B. BurkholderEpilepsy Journey 15: The Drug-Resistant Patient and Discordant Pre-surgical Evaluation 469Lily C. Wong-Kisiel, Elson L. So and Richard S. ZimmermanEpilepsy Journey 16: The Drug-Resistant Patient who is not a Candidate for Resective Surgery: An Approach to Neuromodulation 477Anthony L. Ritaccio and William O. TatumEpilepsy Journey 17: Epilepsy Surgery in Pediatric Patients 483Raj D. Sheth, Kai J. Miller and Elaine C. WirrellReferences 489Index 491

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GREGORY D. CASCINO is the Whitney MacMillan, Jr. Professor of Neuroscience at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. JOSEPH I. SIRVEN is Professor of Neurology at the Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA. WILLIAM O. TATUM is Professor of Neurology at the Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

• Preface xxiiiForeword xxvList of Contributors xxviiSection I Epilepsy: Epidemiology, Diagnostic Evaluation and Co-Morbidities 11 Introduction and Epidemiology 3Joseph I. Sirven and Gregory D. Cascino2 Classification of Seizures and the Epilepsies 11Elaine C. Wirrell3 Etiology and Pathology of Epilepsy 23Katherine C. Nickels and Katherine Noe4 Genetics of Epilepsy 37Anthony L. Fine, Lily C. Wong-Kisiel and Raj D. Sheth5 Burden of Epilepsy 63J. Layne Moore, Amy Z. Crepeau and Gregory D. Cascino6 EEG and Epilepsy 77Anteneh M. Feyissa, Gregory A. Worrell and Terrence D. Lagerlund7 Neuroimaging in Epilepsy 99Benjamin H. Brinkmann, Elson L. So, Robert E. Watson and Amy L. Kotsenas8 The Evaluation of Nonepileptic Paroxysmal Events 117Sara Dawit and Joseph F. Drazkowski9 Sleep, Sleep Disorders, and Epilepsy 133Diego Z. Carvalho, J. Layne Moore and Erik K. St. LouisEpilepsy Journey: Identification of a Genetic Etiology for Epilepsy 147Anthony L. Fine, Lily C. Wong-Kisiel and Raj D. ShethEpilepsy Journey 2: Evaluation of Spells in Adults 153David B. BurkholderEpilepsy Journey 3: The Pediatric Patient with Spells: Recommendations for Evaluation 157Katherine C. Nickels and Elaine C. WirrellEpilepsy Journey 4: Transitioning from Pediatric to Adult Epilepsy Clinic 165Gregory D. Cascino, Katherine C. Nickels and Elaine C. WirrellSection II Epilepsy: Treatment of Epilepsy: Non-Surgical Therapy 16910 First Seizure 171Scott Spritzer and Omar Danoun11 Antiseizure Medication Therapy 179Kiran M. Kanth, Sarah Clark and Jeffrey W. Britton12 Epilepsy in Women 217Katherine Noe13 Treating Children with Epilepsy: Antiepileptic Medications (AEDs) 229Raj D. Sheth14 Dietary Therapy in Epilepsy 239Katherine C. Nickels and Elaine C. Wirrell15 Autoimmune Epilepsy Disorders 249Jeffrey W. Britton, Eoin P. Flanagan, Andrew McKeon and Sean J. Pittock16 Discontinuation of Antiseizure Medication 275Jamal F. Khattak and Jeffrey W. Britton17 Investigational Therapy and Drug Approval Process within the US and Cannabidiol 287Gregory Sprout, Joseph I. Sirven and Gregory D. Cascino18 Devices to Monitor and Track Your Epilepsy 301Nicholas M. Gregg and Amy Z. CrepeauEpilepsy Journey 5: Seizure Emergencies (Include status Epilepticus, Fires, Norse, Seizure First Aid, and Seizure Clusters) 313Anteneh M. Feyissa, Matthew T. Hoerth and Eric T. PayneEpilepsy Journey 6: The First seizure -- How to Evaluate: Pediatric 315Korwyn WilliamsEpilepsy Journey 7: The First Seizure -- How to Evaluate: Adult 317Paul M. Magtibay and Joseph I. SirvenEpilepsy Journey 8: Treating Epilepsy Second Seizure and beyond: How to Choose a Drug -- An Algorithm 321Amy Z. CrepeauEpilepsy Journey 9: Treating Status Epilepticus: An Algorithm 325Sara E. Hocker and Eric T. PayneEpilepsy Journey 10: Withdrawal of ASDs in Adults: An Algorithm 331Sarah A. Merrill, Kent R. Richter and Joseph I. SirvenEpilepsy Journey 11: Withdrawal of ASDs in Seizure-Free Patients Children: The PediatricNeurologist’s Perspective 335Elaine C. WirrellEpilepsy Journey 12: Withdrawing ASDs in Adults after Epilepsy Surgery 339Christian Rosenow, Luca Farrugia, Andrew Pines and Joseph I. SirvenEpilepsy Journey 13: The Pregnant Patient with Epilepsy: An Algorithm 343Katherine NoeSection III Epilepsy: Treatment of Epilepsy: Surgical Management 34519 Pre-surgical Evaluation 347David B. Burkholder, Anthony L. Ritaccio and Cheolsu Shin20 Minimally Invasive Epilepsy Surgery 367Sanjeet S. Grewal, Robert E. Wharen Jr. and William O. Tatum21 Intracranial EEG Monitoring 381Jamie J. Van Gompel, Katherine Noe and Richard S. Zimmerman22 Surgical Strategies (Include Cortical Resection, Lesionectomy, Cortical Stimulation and Functional Mapping, Hemispherotomy) 401Angela Bohnen, W. Richard Marsh, Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa and Kaisorn L. Chaichana23 Corpus Callosotomy 413Elaine C. Wirrell, Lily C. Wong-Kisiel and Kai J. Miller24 Neuromodulation for Epilepsy 431Brian N. Lundstrom, Robert E. Wharen, Jr and William O. Tatum25 Emerging Treatments for Epilepsy 441Gregory A. Worrell, Benjamin H. Brinkmann, Brian N. Lundstrom and Matt Stead26 Seizure Forecasting in Epilepsy: From Computation to Clinical Practice 451Benjamin H. Brinkmann, Nicholas M. Gregg and Gregory A. WorrellEpilepsy Journey 14: The Drug-Resistant Patient: Pre-surgical Evaluation and Surgery-Approach to the "Skip" Candidate 463Anteneh M. Feyissa and David B. BurkholderEpilepsy Journey 15: The Drug-Resistant Patient and Discordant Pre-surgical Evaluation 469Lily C. Wong-Kisiel, Elson L. So and Richard S. ZimmermanEpilepsy Journey 16: The Drug-Resistant Patient who is not a Candidate for Resective Surgery: An Approach to Neuromodulation 477Anthony L. Ritaccio and William O. TatumEpilepsy Journey 17: Epilepsy Surgery in Pediatric Patients 483Raj D. Sheth, Kai J. Miller and Elaine C. WirrellReferences 489Index 491

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