Endocrine System

IAN PEATE is a Visiting Professor at Northumbria University, a Senior Clinical Fellow at the University of Hertfordshire, and a Professorial Fellow at the University of Roehampton. He is also the Editor-in-Chief of the British Journal of Nursing and the Consultant Editor of the Journal of Paramedic Practice and the International Journal of Advancing Practice.

• Preface viiiAcknowledgements x1 Anatomy and Physiology: The Endocrine System 1Homeostasis 1The Endocrine Organs 2Endocrine, Paracrine, Exocrine and Autocrine Signalling 4Hormones 5The Transportation of Hormones 5Control of Hormone Release 6The Physiology of the Endocrine Organs 6The Hypothalamus and the Pituitary Gland 6Growth Hormone 8Prolactin 9Follicle‐stimulating Hormone and Luteinising Hormone (Gonadotrophins) 9Thyroid‐stimulating Hormone 9Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone 9The Thyroid Gland 10Parathyroid Glands 12The Adrenal Glands 13The Pancreas 13The Gonads 15Other Endocrine Glands 16Conclusion 17Glossary of Terms 17Multiple Choice Questions 18References 202 Assessment of the Endocrine System 21Assessing Needs 22The Patient History 23Empathy 23A Focused Endocrine Assessment 26Assessing the Thyroid Gland 32Conclusion 33Glossary of Terms 33Multiple Choice Questions 34References 353 Hyperthyroidism 36The Thyroid Gland 36Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine 36Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Hyperthyroidism 37Epidemiology 39Risk Factors 39Clinical Presentation 41Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 43Management 47Health Teaching 48Understanding Hyperthyroidism 49Treatment Options 49Long-term Management and Follow-up 50Conclusion 50Glossary of Terms 50Multiple Choice Questions 51References 524 Hypothyroidism 54Total Thyroxine and Free Thyroxine 54Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Hypothyroidism 55Myxoedema 55Primary and Secondary Hypothyroidism 56Epidemiology 57Risk Factors 58Clinical Presentation 61Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 63Management 67Health Teaching 68Conclusion 69Glossary of Terms 69Multiple Choice Questions 70References 715 Diabetes Mellitus 73Type 1 Diabetes 73Type 2 Diabetes 73Gestational Diabetes 73Diabetes Insipidus 73Blood Glucose Regulation 74Insulin 74Glucagon 75Other Factors Influencing Blood Glucose Regulation 75Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Diabetes Mellitus 77Epidemiology 80Risk Factors 82Clinical Presentation 83Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 85Management 87Dietary Therapy 87Non-insulin Therapy 88Insulin Therapy 88Monitoring Response to Therapy 91Physical Activity 93Education and Self-management Skills 95Regular Medical Follow-up 96Psychosocial Support 96Complications, Screening and Prevention 96Health Teaching 96Conclusion 97Glossary of Terms 98Multiple Choice Questions 99References 1006 Cushing’s Syndrome 101Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Cushing’s Syndrome 101Epidemiology 103Risk Factors 104Clinical Presentation 105Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 108Management 114Health Teaching 114Conclusion 116Glossary of Terms 116Multiple Choice Questions 117References 1187 Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome 119Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome 119Epidemiology 120Risk Factors 122Clinical Presentation 124Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 125Diagnostic Criteria 129Management 129Health Teaching 130Conclusion 132Glossary of Terms 133Multiple Choice Questions 134References 135Hypopituitarism and Hyperpituitarism 139Epidemiology 140Risk Factors 141Clinical Presentation 143Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 144Management 148Observation and Monitoring 149Medication Therapy 149Surgery 149Radiation Therapy 150Combination Therapy 150Pituitary Carcinoma 150Follow-up Care 150Health Teaching 150Conclusion 152Glossary of Terms 152Multiple Choice Questions 153References 154MCQ Answers 155Index 1568 Pituitary Tumours 136The Pituitary Gland: An Overview 136Pituitary Tumours 137Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Pituitary Tumours 138

Select Guide Rating