Shaké Ketefian is Professor and Director of International Affairs at the University of Michigan School of Nursing. She has published widely in ethical practice and ethical decision making, and on doctoral education, within the United States and internationally. She served as the director of doctoral and postdoctoral programmes at her institution for 17 years, and is currently the Chairperson of the International Newtwork for Doctoral Education in Nursing. Hugh P. McKenna is Head of the School of Nursing at the University of Ulster. He has published widely on doctoral education in nursing. He is also Treasurer of the International Network for Doctoral Education in Nursing and has been awarded a number of international honours including a Fellowship of the European Academy of Nursing Science and a Fellowship of the Royal College of Nursing.