D. L. d'Avray is Emeritus Professor of History at University College London and Supernumerary Fellow at Jesus College, Oxford. His previous publications include The Power of Protocol: Diplomatics and the Dynamics of Papal Government, c. 400–c. 1600 (Cambridge, 2023), Papal Jurisprudence, 385–1234: Social Origins and Medieval Reception of Canon Law (Cambridge, 2022), and Dissolving Royal Marriages: A Documentary History, 860–1600 (Cambridge, 2014). He has been a Fellow of the British Academy since 2005 and a Corresponding Fellow of the Medieval Academy of America since 2016.

• 1. Constantine and the papacy; 2. The canon of the Bible; 3. A late antique decretal and the Carolingian Church; 4. Gelasius I and the idea of hierarchy; 5. The episcopal and monastic systems; 6. Marriage of priests in the mid-eighth century; 7. An eighth-century questionnaire sent to the apostolic see; 8. The Donation of Constantine and its afterlife; 9. Privilege for Offa of England and his queen; 10. Nicholas I reports on his deposition of two archbishops; 11. Spiritual kinship, marriage and baptism in the late Carolingian era; 12. Bad Latin in the tenth century papal entourage; 13. John XIII raises Magdeburg to metropolitan status, as asked by the emperor Otto I; 14. An early eleventh-century attempt to launch a crusade; 15. The pope, the archbishop of Canterbury, and a man who had killed his son; 16. Encyclical on the papal reform council of 1059; 17. Dictatus papae of Gregory VII; 18. Concordat of Worms; 19. Bastard sons of priests; 20. Reform legislation and the complexity of the social world; 21. Baptism in the second decretal age; 22. Early papal indulgences; 23. Vernacular Bible reading; 24. Templars as victims; 25. Monastic exemption in the thirteenth century; 26. Lay patronage as an ecclesiastical system; 27. Rival metropolitans; 28. Papal provisions; 29. The papacy and lepers; 30. The French monarchy and the papacy in the late thirteenth century; 31. Boniface VIII as 'symphoniste'.