Reeva Spector Simon is a research scholar at the Middle East Institute at Columbia University and coeditor of The Jews of the Middle East and North Africa in Modern Times. She is also author of Iraq Between the Two World Wars: The Militarist Origins of Tyranny (Columbia). Eleanor H. Tejirian is an associate research scholar at the Middle East Institute. She is coeditor (with Simon) of Altruism and Imperialism: Western Religious and Cultural Missions in the Middle East.