Copyright for Schools

Carol Simpson is a practicing attorney, retired associate professor of library and information science, and former school librarian, teacher, and district library administrator.Sara E. Wolf is an associate professor at Auburn University. Her interest in copyright began more than 25 years ago and has grown to include speaking, teaching, and institutional policy development activities.

• IllustrationsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction to the Sixth EditionChapter 1: The LawHistoryOrigin in the United StatesWhat It Is NowRights of a Copyright HolderReproductionAdaptationDistributionLimitation on Right of Distribution: First Sale DoctrinePublic PerformanceWhat Is "Public"Public DisplayDigital Transmission of Sound RecordingsMoral RightsEnter Fair UseHow Does One Get a Copyright?What Can't Be Protected by Copyright?Work for HireIdeasDuration of CopyrightProtected or Not?Registering a WorkRecent LawsNo Electronic Theft (NET) ActVisual Artists Rights Act (VARA)Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension ActDigital Performance Right in Sound Recordings ActTechnology, Education and Copyright Harmonization Act (TEACH Act)Family Entertainment and Copyright ActOrrin G. Hatch–Bob Goodlatte Music Modernization Act (MMA)Marrakesh Treaty Implementation Act (MTIA)Penalties for InfringementLiabilityState Copyright LawsRelated LawsContract LawPrivacy StatutesTrademark LawTrade Secret LawWhy Is Any of This Significant for Schools?How Is a School Sued?What If There Is No Trial?Why Worry, Why Bother?Works CitedChapter 2: Public DomainWhat Is It?How Does Something Get into the Public Domain?How Long Does Public Domain Last?What Can You Do with Public Domain Materials?How Do You Find Public Domain Materials?Works CitedChapter 3: Licensed and Royalty-Free MaterialsHow Do "Copyright Free," "Royalty Free," "License," and "Lease" Differ?How Can I Use Royalty-Free Materials?Licenses for Royalty-Free Materials: Creative CommonsSome Other Open Source Licensing OptionsOpen Access versus Open Educational ResourcesWhat Entities Do NOT Allow Royalty-Free Access to MaterialsSources of Royalty-Free MaterialsWorks CitedChapter 4: Fair UseWhat Is It?Difference between Statutory Fair Use and GuidelinesExamples of Fair Use AnalysisFactor One: Purpose and Character of UseFactor One, Part 1: Nonprofit Educational UseFactor One, Part 2: Criticism, Commentary, or News ReportingFactor One, Hidden Issue: TransformativenessFactor One, Hidden Issue: Bad FaithFactor Two: Nature of Copyrighted WorkFactor Two, Part 1: Factual or Creative?Factor Two, Part 2: Published or Not Published?Factor Three: Amount of Work Used?Factor Three, Hidden Issue: Essence of WorkFactor Four: Effect of Use on Market for or Value of WorkFactor Four: Commercial UseFactor Four, Hidden Issue: MisrepresentationWhat Would Happen if Everyone Were to…Various Types of GuidelinesTo Whom Does It Apply?Schools versus LibrariesWorks CitedChapter 5: Print Materials in SchoolsWhat Typical Activities Are Covered?Photocopying—IssuesPhonorecords—IssuesGraphics—IssuesA Graphics Case in PointMurals—IssuesScanning—IssuesWhat Rights Are Affected?ReproductionDistributionAdaptationDisplayWhat Guidelines Affect Print Materials?Kastenmeier ReportDetails of ReportSingle Copies for TeachersMultiple Copies for Classroom UseBrevitySpontaneityCumulative EffectExamples of Acceptable Multiple CopyingExamples of Unacceptable Multiple CopyingPrint Permission IssuesConsumable MaterialsPeriodicalsGraphicsStudent WorkScannersFair Use IndexResources for UnderstandingFair Use of Print Materials GlossaryWorks CitedChapter 6: Audiovisual Materials in SchoolsWhat Typical Activities Are Covered?Movies—IssuesTV/Cable/Satellite—IssuesWeb—IssuesSound Recordings—IssuesWhat Rights Are Affected?ReproductionDistributionAdaptationPublic PerformancePublic DisplayDigital TransmissionWhat Guidelines Affect AV Materials?Five Yes/No QuestionsNonprofit EducationalClassroom or Similar PlaceInstructors and Pupils in the Course of Face-to-Face Teaching ActivitiesLegally Acquired CopyLibraryStudent or TeacherBorrowed from LibraryRented VideoCAVEAT 1: Digital DownloadsCAVEAT 2: Streamed VideosRecorded Off-AirFace-to-Face Teaching ActivitiesUmbrella/Blanket LicensesHome Use OnlyStreaming ServicesMovie CautionsExamples of AnalysisOff-Air Recording Guidelines"Air" versus Cable versus SatelliteRecording in AnticipationPublic Performance RightsExamples of Acceptable PerformancesExamples of Unacceptable PerformancesArchiving Audiovisual WorksVideo DistributionDigital Video Servers/Video Streaming ServersSound RecordingsNoninstructional Performances of Sound RecordingsCopying Sound RecordingsSamplingThe Digital File Sharing DilemmaMusic Copyright Infringement ResourceWorks CitedChapter 7: Music Materials in Schools (Print and Recorded)What Typical Activities Are Covered?Reproduction of Sheet Music—IssuesPerformances of Sheet Music—IssuesReproduction of Recorded Music—IssuesPerformances of Recorded Music—IssuesAdaptation of Sheet Music—IssuesWhat Guidelines Affect Music?Print MusicRecorded MusicWhat Rules/Laws Are Different about Recordings?Music in PerformanceBroadcasting MusicPerformance Rights OrganizationsPermissions and LicensesMusic for Free?Background MusicClip MusicResources for UnderstandingWorks CitedChapter 8: Multimedia in SchoolsWhat Typical Activities Are Covered?Student Multimedia Projects—IssuesTeacher Multimedia Projects—IssuesWhat Rights Are Affected?ReproductionAdaptationDistributionPublic PerformancePublic DisplayDigital TransmissionWhat Guidelines Affect Multimedia?Multimedia GuidelinesSpecial Definitions for MultimediaMultimedia—Covered or Not?Collection or Adaptation?CollectionAdaptationRetention and AccessSecure NetworkInsecure NetworkQuantity LimitsHow Many Copies?Other RestrictionsAttributionCiting Creative Commons-Licensed MaterialMultimedia TipsResources for UnderstandingWorks CitedSample MediographyChapter 9: Distance Learning in SchoolsHistory of Distance Learning and CopyrightTEACH Act RequirementsPolicymakersInformation Technology StaffInstructors/DevelopersDigitizing for Online LearningResources for UnderstandingWork CitedChapter 10: Internet in SchoolsWhat Typical Activities Are Covered?Printing Pages—IssuesBookmarks—IssuesLinks—IssuesCopying Pages to Local Servers—IssuesRedistributing Pages—IssuesEmail—IssuesChat and Instant Messenger—IssuesSocial Media—IssuesStreamed Video/Audio Services (e.g., Netflix or Pandora)—IssuesWhat Rights Are Affected?ReproductionAdaptationDistributionPublic PerformancePublic DisplayDigital TransmissionThe Difference between an AUP and CopyrightSpecial Rules for InternetDesignated AgentWhy Is This Important?How Do We Know That Someone Claims to Own Some Material Mounted on Our Website?What Guidelines Affect Internet?Special Considerations for Different Internet ServicesEmailNewsgroup, Discussion List, and Other Social Media InformationWeb Page InformationChatCopying Internet CodeNew-Generation ApplicationsSocial NetworkingPodcastingYouTube, Teacher Tube, and Similar Video Sharing SitesFlickr, Google Photos, Snapfish, Phototheca, and Similar Photo-Sharing SitesDiigo, Pinterest, StumbleUpon, Reddit, and Other Social Bookmarking SitesWikis and Other User-Contributed Online DatabasesKindle and Other E-books/AudiobooksBlogs, Vlogs, and Other Self-PublishingTwitter and Other Microblogging ToolsSecond Life, MUDs, MOOS, and Other Virtual WorldsThe Cloud—Document/File SharingMicrosoft 365, Google Docs, and Similar ApplicationsResources for UnderstandingWorks CitedChapter 11: Computer Software in SchoolsWhat Typical Activities Are Covered?Multiple Installs—IssuesNetworking—IssuesWeb-Based Software—IssuesChecking Out Software—IssuesClip Art—IssuesTypes of InfringementDirect InfringementIndirect InfringementContributory InfringementVicarious Liability for Infringement by Another PersonWhat Rights Are Affected?ReproductionAdaptationDistributionPublic PerformancePublic DisplaySpecial Rules That Affect Computer SoftwareLicense versus CopyrightCopyright Infringement versus PlagiarismLegitimate Copying versus PiracySoftware for Free?Lending SoftwareSingle-User ProgramsNetworkingThe Software PoliceSoftware Management TipsResources for UnderstandingWorks CitedChapter 12: School Library ExemptionsPreservationInterlibrary LoanILL CopyingRule of FivePeriodicalsOther Print MaterialsExamples and CaveatsWhat to Do When You Can't Meet CONTU RequirementsFacsimileScanningCautions about ILLPhotocopyingUnattended CopiersCopying OrdersCopies for Item RepairReservesElectronic ReservesWorks CitedChapter 13: Exemptions for Students with DisabilitiesCopies for Students with DisabilitiesModification to Motion Media for Students with DisabilitiesClosed CaptioningReconciling IEP and Section 504 Requirements with Fair Use ProvisionsWorks CitedChapter 14: Copyright MisconceptionsCopyright versus ContractFair Use versus License versus First Sale DoctrineCopyright versus PlagiarismAllowable Actions versus Copyright ConfusionsWorks CitedChapter 15: PermissionsLicense ModificationShrink-Wrap LicensesPermission for Commercial UsePermission ConsiderationsWriting Permission LettersStudent and Parent PermissionsWorks CitedChapter 16: Managing Copyright in SchoolsIssues of Managing CopyrightManaging ThingsPrintVideo/FilmAudio, Including MusicComputer SoftwareComputer HardwareInternetManaging PeopleStudentsTeachersStaffAdministratorsImportant Recommendations in Copyright ManagementChapter 17: Responding to Copyright Violation NoticesTypes of Legal CommunicationResponding to Cease and Desist LettersFirst StepsData/Information to GatherActions to AvoidResponding to Formal LawsuitsFirst StepsData/Information to GatherActions to AvoidSettlementChapter 18: Copyright and AdministratorsSuggestions for AdministratorsWorks CitedChapter 19: Copyright PoliciesWhy Have One?What Should a Policy Contain?Works CitedChapter 20: AppendicesAppendix A—Copyright Compliance AgreementAppendix B—Copyright Dos and Don'ts for SchoolsAppendix C—Copyright for KidsAppendix D—Useful Sources of InformationAppendix E—Copyright Warning NoticesAppendix F—Sample Copyright PolicyAppendix G—Release FormsAppendix H—Copyright and Plagiarism Guidelines for StudentsAppendix I—How Much Material May I Use in My PowerPoint Presentation?Appendix J—Significant Copyright Law Section ReferencesAppendix K—Bibliography of Selected Works on CopyrightAppendix L—Important Internet Links for Copyright InformationAppendix M—Sources of Audiovisual Works with Public Performance RightsAppendix N—Database of Copyright Actions against SchoolsAppendix O—Copyright Questions and Answers: A Reproducible BrochureAppendix P—Copyright Infringement Reporting FormAppendix Q—Agreement to TranslateAppendix R—OA/OER BrochureConcordanceIndex

Thorough, well-researched and supported by extensive citations to the law.