Bohdan Kaczmarek is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw. Research and teaching interests: political theory, organizational theory, property and power.Mirosław Karwat is Associate Professor at the Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw, and head of the Department of Political Theory and Political Thought. He specializes in political theory, political social engineering, and political participation.Marcin Tobiasz is Assistant Professor of political science at the Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw. Since 2021, he has been the head of undergraduate and graduate studies in political science.Jacek Ziółkowski is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw. His main areas of interest are political theory, political social engineering, political participation, political games and simulations, and gamification. He is the head of undergraduate and graduate studies in internal security.

• Introduction – I. Politicalness, Politicization, Metapolitics – Mirosław Karwat: 1. Task-oriented Politics, Biased Politics, and Metapolitics – Mirosław Karwat: 2. Politicalness and Politicization: The Methodological Framework of Analysis – Mirosław Karwat: 3. About the Status of the Term “Politicalness” – Mirosław Karwat: 4. Methodological Dilemmas and Pitfalls Offered by the Concept of the Political – II. Cratocentric and Sociocentric Approaches to Politics – Bohdan Kaczmarek: 5. Some Comments on the Interpretation of Politics – Bohdan Kaczmarek: 6. Politics and Power – Mirosław Karwat: 7. On the Necessary Complementation to the “Cratic” Perspective in Political Science – Mirosław Karwat: 8. . Emancipation: Theoretical Model – III. Mechanisms of Politics Seen Through Social Engineering – Jacek Ziółkowski: 9. Polarization as a Social Engineering Mechanism – Jacek Ziółkowski: 10. “Besieged Fortress Syndrome” as a Social Engineering Mechanism – Jacek Ziółkowski: 11. The Enemy in the Political Narratives of Manichean Antagonism – Jacek Ziółkowski: 12. Dehumanization as a Tool for Political Social Engineering – IV. Antinomies, Traps, Paradoxes, and Dilemmas in Political Action – Marcin Tobiasz: 13. Politicization of Pluralism or Pluralization of Politics: The Paradoxes of Contemporary Political Pluralism – Marcin Tobiasz: 14. The Traps of Deliberation – Marcin Tobiasz: 15. Deliberation as a Form of Exclusion – Marcin Tobiasz: 16. Anti-politics and Civic Society: How to Revitalize the Public Sphere in a Democracy?

Bohdan Kaczmarek is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw. Research and teaching interests: political theory, organizational theory, property and power.Mirosław Karwat is Associate Professor at the Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw, and head of the Department of Political Theory and Political Thought. He specializes in political theory, political social engineering, and political participation.Marcin Tobiasz is Assistant Professor of political science at the Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw. Since 2021, he has been the head of undergraduate and graduate studies in political science.Jacek Ziółkowski is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw. His main areas of interest are political theory, political social engineering, political participation, political games and simulations, and gamification. He is the head of undergraduate and graduate studies in internal security.

• Introduction – I. Politicalness, Politicization, Metapolitics – Mirosław Karwat: 1. Task-oriented Politics, Biased Politics, and Metapolitics – Mirosław Karwat: 2. Politicalness and Politicization: The Methodological Framework of Analysis – Mirosław Karwat: 3. About the Status of the Term “Politicalness” – Mirosław Karwat: 4. Methodological Dilemmas and Pitfalls Offered by the Concept of the Political – II. Cratocentric and Sociocentric Approaches to Politics – Bohdan Kaczmarek: 5. Some Comments on the Interpretation of Politics – Bohdan Kaczmarek: 6. Politics and Power – Mirosław Karwat: 7. On the Necessary Complementation to the “Cratic” Perspective in Political Science – Mirosław Karwat: 8. . Emancipation: Theoretical Model – III. Mechanisms of Politics Seen Through Social Engineering – Jacek Ziółkowski: 9. Polarization as a Social Engineering Mechanism – Jacek Ziółkowski: 10. “Besieged Fortress Syndrome” as a Social Engineering Mechanism – Jacek Ziółkowski: 11. The Enemy in the Political Narratives of Manichean Antagonism – Jacek Ziółkowski: 12. Dehumanization as a Tool for Political Social Engineering – IV. Antinomies, Traps, Paradoxes, and Dilemmas in Political Action – Marcin Tobiasz: 13. Politicization of Pluralism or Pluralization of Politics: The Paradoxes of Contemporary Political Pluralism – Marcin Tobiasz: 14. The Traps of Deliberation – Marcin Tobiasz: 15. Deliberation as a Form of Exclusion – Marcin Tobiasz: 16. Anti-politics and Civic Society: How to Revitalize the Public Sphere in a Democracy?

Bohdan Kaczmarek is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw. Research and teaching interests: political theory, organizational theory, property and power.Mirosław Karwat is Associate Professor at the Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw, and head of the Department of Political Theory and Political Thought. He specializes in political theory, political social engineering, and political participation.Marcin Tobiasz is Assistant Professor of political science at the Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw. Since 2021, he has been the head of undergraduate and graduate studies in political science.Jacek Ziółkowski is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw. His main areas of interest are political theory, political social engineering, political participation, political games and simulations, and gamification. He is the head of undergraduate and graduate studies in internal security.

• Introduction – I. Politicalness, Politicization, Metapolitics – Mirosław Karwat: 1. Task-oriented Politics, Biased Politics, and Metapolitics – Mirosław Karwat: 2. Politicalness and Politicization: The Methodological Framework of Analysis – Mirosław Karwat: 3. About the Status of the Term “Politicalness” – Mirosław Karwat: 4. Methodological Dilemmas and Pitfalls Offered by the Concept of the Political – II. Cratocentric and Sociocentric Approaches to Politics – Bohdan Kaczmarek: 5. Some Comments on the Interpretation of Politics – Bohdan Kaczmarek: 6. Politics and Power – Mirosław Karwat: 7. On the Necessary Complementation to the “Cratic” Perspective in Political Science – Mirosław Karwat: 8. . Emancipation: Theoretical Model – III. Mechanisms of Politics Seen Through Social Engineering – Jacek Ziółkowski: 9. Polarization as a Social Engineering Mechanism – Jacek Ziółkowski: 10. “Besieged Fortress Syndrome” as a Social Engineering Mechanism – Jacek Ziółkowski: 11. The Enemy in the Political Narratives of Manichean Antagonism – Jacek Ziółkowski: 12. Dehumanization as a Tool for Political Social Engineering – IV. Antinomies, Traps, Paradoxes, and Dilemmas in Political Action – Marcin Tobiasz: 13. Politicization of Pluralism or Pluralization of Politics: The Paradoxes of Contemporary Political Pluralism – Marcin Tobiasz: 14. The Traps of Deliberation – Marcin Tobiasz: 15. Deliberation as a Form of Exclusion – Marcin Tobiasz: 16. Anti-politics and Civic Society: How to Revitalize the Public Sphere in a Democracy?