Companion to the History of American Science

Georgina M. Montgomery is Associate Professor of Science History at Michigan State University. She is co-editor of Making Animal Meaning (2011) and author of Primates in the Real World: Escaping Primate Folklore and Creating Primate Science (2015). Mark A. Largent is Professor and Associate Dean of Lyman Briggs College at Michigan State University. He is the author of Vaccine: The Debate in Modern America (2012) and Breeding Contempt: The History of Coerced Sterilization in the United States (2007).

• Notes on Contributors xiIntroduction 1Georgina M. Montgomery and Mark A. LargentPart I Disciplines 71 Agricultural Sciences 9Samantha Noll2 Anthropology 21Adrian Young3 Astronomy and Astrophysics 33Peter J. Susalla4 Chemistry 44Ann E. Robinson5 Computer Science 55Stephanie Dick6 Conservation Biology 69Christian C. Young7 Economics 82Ross B. Emmett8 Experimental Psychology 95Jim Wynter Porter9 Genetics 110Melinda Gormley10 Geophysics 120Matthew Shindell11 Marine Biology 134Samantha Muka12 Medical Genetics 147Andrew J. Hogan13 Meteorology and Atmospheric Science 160James Bergman14 Molecular and Cellular Biology 174Lijing Jiang15 Nuclear, High Energy, and Solid State Physics 186Joseph D. Martin16 Nutrition 199Jessica Mudry17 Paleoanthropology and Human Evolution 213Matthew R. Goodrum18 Paleontology 227Paul D. Brinkman19 Ecology 241Gina Rumore20 Sociobiology and Evolutionary Psychology 252Abraham H. Gibson and Michael Ruse21 Sociology 263Sebasti ´an Gil-Ria˜no22 Space and Planetary Sciences 276Erik M. ConwayPart II Topics 28923 Biotechnology 291Nathan Crowe24 Darwinism 306Adam M. Goldstein25 Science Education 320Adam R. Shapiro26 Environmental Science 333Daniel Zizzamia27 The American Eugenics Movement 345Christine Neejer28 Evolution and Creation Debates 361Arthur Ward29 Field and Laboratory 374Jeremy Vetter30 Gender and Science 385Donald L. Opitz31 The Germ Theory 397Jacob Steere-Williams32 Instrumentation 408Sara J. Schechner33 Science and Literature 420Stephen Rachman34 Museums 431Amy Kohout35 Natural History 444Pamela M. Henson36 Nature Study 456Sally Gregory Kohlstedt37 Science and Policy 468Kevin C. Elliott38 Popularizing Science 479Constance Areson Clark39 Science and Postcolonialism 491Banu Subramaniam40 Racial Science 502Robert Bernasconi41 Relativity in America 512Daniel Kennefick42 Science and Religion 528Mark A. Waddell43 Sex and Science 541Miriam G. Reumann44 Zoos and Aquariums 553Christian C. YoungBibliography 566Index 666