Companion to Anthropological Genetics

Dennis H. O'Rourke, PhD, is Foundation Distinguished Professor of Anthropology at the University of Kansas, USA, and Professor Emeritus at the University of Utah, USA. He is co-editor of Human Biology: An Evolutionary and Biocultural Perspective, Second Edition (Wiley Blackwell, 2012), associate editor of The International Encyclopedia of Biological Anthropology (Wiley Blackwell, 2018), and has authored articles and book chapters on topics in biological and genetic anthropology. His current research focuses on the use of genetic data to identify signatures of population migration, colonization, and expansion in the North American high arctic.

• About the Editor xiNotes on Contributors xiiiPreface xixPart I Anthropological Genetics in Context 11 History and Evolution of Anthropological Genetics 3Michael H. Crawford2 The Ethics of Genetic Ancestry Testing 17Nanibaa’ A. Garrison and Jessica D. Bardill3 Community‐Oriented Research and the Future of Anthropological Genetics 37Ripan S. MalhiPart II Macroevolution and Phylogenetics 454 Calibrating the Clock 47Murray P. Cox5 Primate Genomics and Phylogenetics 57Christopher A. Schmitt and Omer Gokcumen6 The Neanderthal and Denisovan Genomes 69Sloan R. Williams7 Evaluating Correspondence in Phenotypic Variation, Genetic Diversity, Geography, and Environmental Factors 89Noreen von Cramon‐Taubadel8 Simulating Human Demographic Processes and Patterns of Genetic Variation 107Aida T. Miró‐HerransPart III Microevolution: Colonization, Dispersal, and Differentiation 1219 Human Population Structure and History 123John H. Relethford10 Regional Patterns of Variation: Concepts and Applications 137Graciela S. Cabana11 Genetic Variation and the Colonization of Eurasia 151Toomas Kivisild12 Homo sapiens Dispersal and the Peopling of the Americas 165Rafael Bisso‐Machado and Nelson Jurandi Rosa Fagundes13 Ancient DNA and Bioarcheology 187Jennifer A. RaffPart IV Human Adaptation: Natural Selection and Physiological Variation 19914 Tempo of Recent Human Evolution 201Michael D. Weight and Henry C. Harpending15 Natural Selection and Adaptation to Extreme Environments: High Latitudes and Altitudes 219Abigail W. Bigham16 Sensory Polymorphisms and Dietary Adaptation 233Carrie C. Veilleux17 The Evolution of the Human Pigmentation Phenotype 251Heather L. Norton18 Anthropological Genetics and Growth and Development 267Bradford Towne, Ellen W. Demerath, and Stefan A. Czerwinski19 Epigenetics and Human Variation 293Amy L. Non and Zaneta M. ThayerPart V Anthropology, Genetics, and the Evolution of Health and Disease 30920 The Primate Immune System: A Survey of Innate and Acquired Immune Genes 311Leslie A. Knapp and Nicole S. Torosin21 Genetics, Evolutionary Medicine, and the Evolution of Human Pathogens 327Amanda VanSteelandt and Anne C. StoneReferences 343Index 445

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