Sara Stinson is Professor of Anthropology at Queens College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York. The main focus of her research is on factors that lead to variation in growth among living human populations. She currently serves as Editor of the Yearbook of Physical Anthropology.Barry Bogin is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Michigan, Dearborn. His research interests are in social and cultural factors affecting human growth and the evolution of the human growth pattern. Among his publications are The Growth of Humanity (2001, Wiley) and Patterns of Human Growth (second edition, 1999, Cambridge University Press).Dennis O’Rourke is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Utah. His research focuses on population and evolutionary genetics, ancient DNA, and genetic epidemiology. He served as editor of Human Biology from 1999-2003.

• Preface viiContributors ixPart I Introduction 11. Human Biology: An Evolutionary and Biocultural Perspective 3Sara Stinson, Barry Bogin, Dennis O’Rourke, and Rebecca Huss-Ashmore2. History of Human Biology in the United States of America 23Francis E. Johnston and Michael A. LittlePart II Heredity and Patterned Human Variation 513. An Introduction to Genetics 53Mark L. Weiss and Justin Tackney4. Genetics, Geography, and Human Variation 99Dennis O’Rourke and Jake Enk5. Quantitative Variation and Genetics 143Lyle W. KonigsbergPart III Human Adaptability 1756. Human Adaptation to Climate: Temperature, Ultraviolet Radiation, and Altitude 177Cynthia M. Beall, Nina G. Jablonski, and A. Theodore Steegmann, Jr.7. Human Nutritional Evolution 251William R. Leonard8. Human Energetics 325J. Josh SnodgrassPart IV Human Biology and Health 3859. The Epidemiology of Human Disease 387Lisa Sattenspiel and Karen Slonim10. Stress and Human Biology 459Gillian H. Ice and Gary D. JamesPart V The Human Life Course 51311. Evolution of the Human Life Cycle 515Barry Bogin and B. Holly Smith12. Growth Variation: Biological and Cultural Factors 587Sara Stinson13. Aging, Senescence, and Human Variation 637Douglas E. Crews and Gillian H. IcePart VI Population Dynamics 69314. Demography Part 1: Mortality and Migration 695Timothy B. Gage, Sharon N. DeWitte, and James W. Wood15. Demography Part 2: Population Growth and Fertility Regulation 757Peter T. Ellison, Barry Bogin, and Mary T. O’RourkeGlossary 805Index 833

Sara Stinson is Professor of Anthropology at Queens College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York. The main focus of her research is on factors that lead to variation in growth among living human populations. She currently serves as Editor of the Yearbook of Physical Anthropology.Barry Bogin is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Michigan, Dearborn. His research interests are in social and cultural factors affecting human growth and the evolution of the human growth pattern. Among his publications are The Growth of Humanity (2001, Wiley) and Patterns of Human Growth (second edition, 1999, Cambridge University Press).Dennis O’Rourke is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Utah. His research focuses on population and evolutionary genetics, ancient DNA, and genetic epidemiology. He served as editor of Human Biology from 1999-2003.

• Preface viiContributors ixPart I Introduction 11. Human Biology: An Evolutionary and Biocultural Perspective 3Sara Stinson, Barry Bogin, Dennis O’Rourke, and Rebecca Huss-Ashmore2. History of Human Biology in the United States of America 23Francis E. Johnston and Michael A. LittlePart II Heredity and Patterned Human Variation 513. An Introduction to Genetics 53Mark L. Weiss and Justin Tackney4. Genetics, Geography, and Human Variation 99Dennis O’Rourke and Jake Enk5. Quantitative Variation and Genetics 143Lyle W. KonigsbergPart III Human Adaptability 1756. Human Adaptation to Climate: Temperature, Ultraviolet Radiation, and Altitude 177Cynthia M. Beall, Nina G. Jablonski, and A. Theodore Steegmann, Jr.7. Human Nutritional Evolution 251William R. Leonard8. Human Energetics 325J. Josh SnodgrassPart IV Human Biology and Health 3859. The Epidemiology of Human Disease 387Lisa Sattenspiel and Karen Slonim10. Stress and Human Biology 459Gillian H. Ice and Gary D. JamesPart V The Human Life Course 51311. Evolution of the Human Life Cycle 515Barry Bogin and B. Holly Smith12. Growth Variation: Biological and Cultural Factors 587Sara Stinson13. Aging, Senescence, and Human Variation 637Douglas E. Crews and Gillian H. IcePart VI Population Dynamics 69314. Demography Part 1: Mortality and Migration 695Timothy B. Gage, Sharon N. DeWitte, and James W. Wood15. Demography Part 2: Population Growth and Fertility Regulation 757Peter T. Ellison, Barry Bogin, and Mary T. O’RourkeGlossary 805Index 833

Sara Stinson is Professor of Anthropology at Queens College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York. The main focus of her research is on factors that lead to variation in growth among living human populations. She currently serves as Editor of the Yearbook of Physical Anthropology.Barry Bogin is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Michigan, Dearborn. His research interests are in social and cultural factors affecting human growth and the evolution of the human growth pattern. Among his publications are The Growth of Humanity (2001, Wiley) and Patterns of Human Growth (second edition, 1999, Cambridge University Press).Dennis O’Rourke is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Utah. His research focuses on population and evolutionary genetics, ancient DNA, and genetic epidemiology. He served as editor of Human Biology from 1999-2003.

• Preface viiContributors ixPart I Introduction 11. Human Biology: An Evolutionary and Biocultural Perspective 3Sara Stinson, Barry Bogin, Dennis O’Rourke, and Rebecca Huss-Ashmore2. History of Human Biology in the United States of America 23Francis E. Johnston and Michael A. LittlePart II Heredity and Patterned Human Variation 513. An Introduction to Genetics 53Mark L. Weiss and Justin Tackney4. Genetics, Geography, and Human Variation 99Dennis O’Rourke and Jake Enk5. Quantitative Variation and Genetics 143Lyle W. KonigsbergPart III Human Adaptability 1756. Human Adaptation to Climate: Temperature, Ultraviolet Radiation, and Altitude 177Cynthia M. Beall, Nina G. Jablonski, and A. Theodore Steegmann, Jr.7. Human Nutritional Evolution 251William R. Leonard8. Human Energetics 325J. Josh SnodgrassPart IV Human Biology and Health 3859. The Epidemiology of Human Disease 387Lisa Sattenspiel and Karen Slonim10. Stress and Human Biology 459Gillian H. Ice and Gary D. JamesPart V The Human Life Course 51311. Evolution of the Human Life Cycle 515Barry Bogin and B. Holly Smith12. Growth Variation: Biological and Cultural Factors 587Sara Stinson13. Aging, Senescence, and Human Variation 637Douglas E. Crews and Gillian H. IcePart VI Population Dynamics 69314. Demography Part 1: Mortality and Migration 695Timothy B. Gage, Sharon N. DeWitte, and James W. Wood15. Demography Part 2: Population Growth and Fertility Regulation 757Peter T. Ellison, Barry Bogin, and Mary T. O’RourkeGlossary 805Index 833