Patricia Benner, PhD, RN, FAAN, is a professor emerita of nursing in the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Nursing at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). She is a fellow in the American Academy of Nursing and an honorary fellow in the Royal College of Nursing,United Kingdom.Patricia Hooper Kyriakidis, PhD, RN, is a consultant and researcher at Practice Solutions, Inc., in Nashville, Tennessee.Daphne Stannard, PhD, RN, CCRN, CCNS, FCCM, is the Associate Chief Nurse Researcher and Perianesthesia Clinical Nurse Specialist at UCSF Medical Center.