Climate Change and Eye Disease

Scott Fraser has been an NHS doctor for 35 years and an ophthalmologist for most of them. He has been active in research during this time including in the Cochrane Collaboration. He was Visiting Professor at the University of Sunderland in the UK and the University of New England in Australia. As well as research papers he has written a number of books most recently ‘Your Health When the Climate Changes.’

• IntroductionChapter 1: Why is our climate changing and what is the cause?1.1 What is the evidence the earth is getting hotter?1.2 How do we know the Earth is getting hotter?1.3 What is causing the earth to get hotter?1.4 What are the consequences of these changes in our atmosphere?Chapter 2: How does climate change affect human health?2.1 The direct effects to human health from climate change2.2 The indirect effects to human health from climate changeChapter 3: Climate change and Eye Disease3.1 Specific Effects of Climate Change on the EyeThe EyelidsThe ConjunctivaDry EyeThe CorneaThe LensGlaucomaThe RetinaThe Uveal Tract3.2 General Effects of climate change on ocular healthTraumaInfectious DiseasesCardiovascular DiseaseNutritionInactivity, obesity and diabetesChanges in Animal BehaviourMigration, population changes and warChapter 4: Climate change and Eye Care4.1 Eye associated cancers4.2 Dry Eye Disease4.3 Cataract4.4 Age Related Macular Degeneration4.5 Infectious diseases and the eye4.6 Vitamin A deficiency4.7 Diabetic Eye Disease4.8 Glaucoma4.9 Ocular trauma4.10 Climate change and the provision of eyecare servicesChapter 5: Eye care effects upon climate change5.1 The effect of healthcare on the climate5.2 The effect of eye care on the climate5.3 Cataract surgery, climate change and sustainability5.4 Dry eye disease, eye drop use and climate change5.5 The Retina and climate change5.6 Glaucoma and climate change5.7 Optometry and climate change5.8 Practitioner awareness of climate changeChapter 6: The Burden of blindness6.1 What is blindness?6.2 Current numbers and projections6.3 The economic costs6.4 The personal costsChapter 7: Rays of hope7.1 Organisations, governments and industry7.2 Trachoma7.3 Onchocerciasis7.4 Vitamin A deficiency7.5 Diabetic Retinopathy7.6 Technology7.7 Education7.8 Optometry7.9 FinallyIndex