Breakthrough

Homi Kharas is asenior fellow in the Center for Sustainable Development at the Brookings Institution, where he specializes in analyzing policies and finance in supportof sustainable development. His previous books include Leave No One Behind:Time for Specifics on the Sustainable Development Goals.John W. McArthuris a senior fellow in, and Director of, the Center for Sustainable Development at the Brookings Institution. He co-chairs the 17-Rooms initiative, a newapproach to spurring action, insight, and community for the SustainableDevelopment Goals. His previous books include From Summits to Solutions:Innovations in Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals.Izumi Ohno is a Professor at the NationalGraduate Institute for Policy Studies in Japan, and a Senior Research Adviserto the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Ogata Sadako ResearchInstitute for Peace and Development. She specializes in internationaldevelopment policy, industrial policy and Japanese development cooperation. Herprevious books include Industrial Human Resource Development in DevelopingCountries: Knowledge and Skills in the Era of SDGs.

• Contents:Acknowledgments1. Breakthroughs: Why We Need Them for Sustainable DevelopmentHomi Kharas, John W. McArthur, and Izumi Ohno2. Breakthrough Technologies for Pandemic PreparednessYolanda Botii-Lodovico and Pardis Sabeti3. Fixing the Real “World Wide Web”: Breakthroughs at the Interface of Food, Agriculture, and Large-Scale ComputationZachary Bogue4. Too Cheap to Meter: The Promise of Unstored Solar PowerVijay Modi5. Interspecies MoneyJonathan Ledgard6. Predictable Disasters: AI and the Future of Crisis ResponseTarek Ghani and Grant Gordon7. How AgriTech Is Transforming Traditional Agriculture in Emerging Markets: “Think Big, Act Fast, Start Small”Lesly Goh8. Eyes on the Planet: Toward Zero DeforestationHiroaki Okonogi, Elji Yamada, and Takahiro Morita9. Redefining the Smart City for Sustainable DevelopmentTomoyuki Naito10. How Digital Systems Will Transform the Future of Money and DevelopmentTomicah Tillemann11. A Short Story of Transmediary PlatformsBright Simons12. Unleashing Meaningful BreakthroughsAnn Mei ChangContributors

Focusing on UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—ending poverty, malnutrition, deforestation, and climate change—Kharas, McArthur, and Ohno ask what key ingredients produce nonlinear breakthroughs. They argue that a gradualist approach will fail and that exponential progress comes only with better policy and politics as well as technology. The book's 12 chapters draw on more than a dozen authors with expertise in science, business, civil society, and policy making. Overall, they find that best practices for innovation include user-centered design, understanding the context and concerns of affected communities, smart risk-taking, designing for scale and sustainability from the start, and collaboration. Chapter 4 examines utility-scale solar power, finding it nearly free as costs lie with battery storage and metering rather than with the electrical power itself. Chapter 7 targets smallholder agriculture with the maxim "think big, act fast, start small" to help improve agronomic decisions regarding activities such as fertilizing, watering, and harvesting. Chapter 9 explores "smart cities" as more than just a venue for showcasing new technology, from transportation to utilizing sensors for collecting large data sets for AI analysis. Throughout, contributing authors rightly recognize that new breakthrough technologies risk primarily benefiting the world's wealthiest, further exacerbating inequities borne by poor and rural populations. Highly recommended.