Architecture: Form, Space, and Order

FRANCIS D.K. CHING is a global authority on architectural illustration. His numerous bestselling works include Building Codes Illustrated, Building Construction Illustrated, Green Building Illustrated, and Architectural Graphics. His various books have been translated into 20 languages. He is Professor Emeritus at the University of Washington in Seattle.

• Preface viiIntroduction ix1 Primary ElementsPrimary Elements 2Point 4Point Elements 5Two Points 6Line 8Linear Elements 10From Line to Plane 14Linear Elements Defining Planes 15Plane 18Planar Elements 20Volume 28Volumetric Elements 302 FormForm 34Properties of Form 35Shape 36Primary Shapes 38Circle 39Triangle 40Square 41Primary Solids 42Regular & Irregular Forms 46Transformation of Form 52Dimensional Transformation 54Geometric Transformation 58Subtractive Form 68Subtractive & Additive Forms 71Additive Form 72Centralized Form 74Linear Form 76Radial Form 80Clustered Form 82Grid Form 86Formal Collisions of Geometry 88Circle & Square 90Rotated Grid 94Articulation of Form 98Edges & Corners 100Corners 101Surface Articulation 1063 Form & SpaceForm & Space 118Form & Space: Unity of Opposites 120Form Defining Space 128Horizontal Elements Defining Space 129Base Plane 130Elevated Base Plane 132Depressed Base Plane 138Overhead Plane 144Vertical Elements Defining Space 154Vertical Linear Elements 156Single Vertical Plane 164L-Shaped Configuration of Planes 168L-Shaped Planes 169Parallel Vertical Planes 174Parallel Planes 176U-Shaped Planes 180Four Planes: Closure 186Four Planes: Enlosure 190Openings in Space-Defining Elements 194Openings within Planes 196Openings at Corners 198Openings between Planes 200Qualities of Architectural Space 202Degree of Enclosure 204Light 206View 212Ventilation 2184 OrganizationOrganization of Form & Space 222Spatial Relationships 223Space within a Space 224Interlocking Spaces 226Adjacent Spaces 228Spaces Linked by a Common Space 230Spatial Organizations 232Centralized Organizations 234Linear Organizations 244Radial Organizations 254Clustered Organizations 260Grid Organizations 2705 CirculationCirculation: Movement through Space 280Circulation Elements 281Approach 282Entrance 290Configuration of the Path 304Path-Space Relationships 318Form of the Circulation Space 322Stairways 3266 Proportion & ScaleProportion & Scale 336Material Proportions 337Structural Proportions 338Manufactured Proportions 340Proportioning Systems 341Golden Section 344Regulating Lines 348Classical Orders 350Renaissance Theories 356Modulor 360Ken 364Anthropometry 368Scale 371Visual Scale 372Human Scale 374A Scalar Comparison 3787 PrinciplesOrdering Principles 382Axis 384Symmetry 392Hierarchy 402Datum 412Rhythm 428Repetition 429Transformation 450Conclusion 456A Selected Bibliography 459Glossary 461Index of Buildings 469Index of Designers 475Index of Subject Matter 477