Acute Medicine

David Sprigings, Consultant Physician 1993-2016, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, UK. John B. Chambers, Professor of Clinical Cardiology and Consultant Cardiologist, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK.

• Contributors, xiPreface, xixEvolution of acute medicine: the development of ambulatory emergency care, xxiSection 1: Presentations in Acute Medicine, 1General, 21 The critically ill patient, 32 Hypotension and shock, 93 Reduced conscious level, 164 Delirium, 235 Falls in older people, 30Cardiorespiratory, 346 Cardiac arrest in hospital, 357 Acute chest pain, 468 Palpitations, 539 Transient loss of consciousness, 6010 Acute breathlessness, 6811 Acute respiratory failure, 7312 Pleural effusion, 7913 Cough and haemoptysis, 85Neurological, 9114 Neurological diagnosis in acute medicine, 9215 Acute headache, 9816 Seizures and epilepsy, 10317 Weakness and paralysis, 11018 Acute sensory symptoms, 11719 Loss of vision, 123Abdominal, 13220 Acute vomiting, 13321 Acute abdominal pain, 13822 Acute diarrhoea, 14423 Acute jaundice, 15024 Ascites, 15525 Acute kidney injury, 160Skin and Musculoskeletal, 17026 Acute rash, 17127 Urticaria and angioedema, 17728 Acute arthritis, 18329 Acute spinal pain, 18730 Acute limb pain, 190Miscellaneous, 19431 Comprehensive geriatric assessment, 19532 Acute medical problems in pregnancy, 19933 Fever on return from abroad, 20734 Acute medical problems in the HIV-positive patient, 215Section 2: Syndromes and Disorders, 223General, 22435 Sepsis, 22536 Poisoning, 23337 Acid-base disorders, 24638 Anaphylaxis, 252Cardiovascular, 25839 Acute arrhythmias: general principles of management, 25940 Regular broad complex tachycardia, 26341 Irregular broad complex tachycardia, 26842 Narrow complex tachycardia, 27243 Atrial fibrillation and flutter, 27944 Bradycardia and atrioventricular block, 28345 Acute coronary syndromes (1): ST-segment elevation, 28946 Acute coronary syndromes (2): Non-ST-segment elevation, 29847 Acute pulmonary oedema, 30548 Acute heart failure and decompensated chronic heart failure, 31149 Cardiogenic shock, 31750 Aortic dissection and other acute aortic syndromes, 32151 Heart valve disease and prosthetic heart valves, 32852 Infective endocarditis, 33353 Acute pericarditis, 34054 Cardiac tamponade, 34455 Severe hypertension, 34756 Deep vein thrombosis, 35357 Pulmonary embolism, 35858 Problems with pacemakers and other cardiac devices, 366Respiratory, 37159 Upper airway obstruction, 37260 Acute asthma, 37861 Exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 38462 Community-acquired pneumonia, 39063 Hospital-acquired pneumonia, 39664 Pneumothorax, 399Neurological, 40265 Stroke, 40366 Transient ischaemic attack, 41267 Subarachnoid haemorrhage, 41868 Bacterial meningitis, 42269 Encephalitis, 42870 Spinal cord compression, 43271 Guillain-Barré syndrome, 43672 Raised intracranial pressure, 442Abdominal, 44673 Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 44774 Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding, 45575 Acute oesophageal disorders, 45976 Inflammatory bowel disease flare, 46277 Acute liver failure and decompensated chronic liver disease, 46778 Alcoholic hepatitis, 47679 Biliary tract disorders and acute pancreatitis, 47880 Urinary tract infection, 481Metabolic, 48781 Hypoglycaemia, 48882 Hyperglycaemic states, 49183 Diabetic ketoacidosis, 49584 Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state, 49985 Disorders of plasma sodium concentration, 50186 Disorders of plasma potassium concentration, 50887 Disorders of plasma calcium concentration, 51488 Disorders of plasma magnesium concentration, 51889 Disorders of plasma phosphate concentration, 52190 Acute adrenal insufficiency, 52591 Thyrotoxic storm, 53092 Myxoedema coma, 53493 Pituitary apoplexy, 53794 Paraganglioma (phaeochromocytoma) crisis, 540Skin and Musculoskeletal, 54395 Cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis, 54496 Erythroderma and toxic epidermal necrolysis, 54997 Acute gout and pseudogout, 55598 Septic arthritis, 55899 Acute vasculitis, 561Haematology and Miscellaneous, 568100 Interpretation of full blood count and film, 569101 Pancytopenia and febrile neutropenia, 577102 Bleeding disorders, 584103 Management of anticoagulation, 589104 Acute painful sickle cell crisis, 601105 Complications of cancer, 605106 Alcohol-related problems in acute medicine, 612107 Hypothermia, 615108 Drowning, 619109 Electrical injury, 623110 Palliative and end-of-life care, 625111 Medicolegal issues in acute medicine, 632Section 3: Techniques and Procedures in Acute Medicine, 639112 Airway management, 641113 Non-invasive ventilation, 646114 Ultrasonography in acute medicine, 651115 Reading a chest X-ray, 657116 Central vein cannulation, 665117 Arterial blood sampling and cannulation, 673118 Arterial blood gases, oxygen saturation and oxygen therapy, 677119 Temporary cardiac pacing, 681120 Pericardial aspiration (pericardiocentesis), 687121 DC cardioversion, 692122 Insertion of an intercostal chest drain, 696123 Lumbar puncture, 704124 Aspiration of the knee joint, 709125 Insertion of a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube, 712Index, 715