50 Studies Every Hospitalist Should Know

Benjamin P. Geisler is a hospitalist at Massachusetts General Hospital and an Instructor in Medicine at Harvard Medical School. Throughout his career, he has worked in various roles on health-economic evaluations, systematic reviews and with real world evidence such as population-based health registries. Dr. Geisler has also worked on quality and safety topics, as well as in a research group that focuses on machine learning and artificial intelligence. Dr. Geisler's career interest is the interface between new health technologies, their evidence base, and value.Jeffrey L. Greenwald is an academic hospitalist at Massachusetts General Hospital whose career has taken him into the fields of HIV testing, care transitions, quality improvement and patient safety, medical education, and, for the last several years, primary palliative care education and implementation. He is an active clinician and teacher and an Associate Professor at Harvard Medical School.Kathy May Tran is an academic hospitalist at the Massachusetts General Hospital, teacher at Harvard Medical School, and Associate Editor of the Case Records of the New England Journal of Medicine. In addition to her identities as an active clinician, medical educator, and writer and editor, Dr. Tran is an advocate for workforce well-being, patient experience, and the arts and humanities in medicine.

• SECTION 1: NEUROLOGY & PSYCHIATRY Chapter 1 Detecting delirium: The CAM study Benjamin P. Geisler, MD, MPH Chapter 2 Delirium prevention in older hospitalized patients: The Elder Life Program Trial Mobola Campbell, MD, MPH, MEd Chapter 3 Patent foramen ovale closure for cryptogenic stroke: The REDUCE Trial Hugo Torres, MD, MPH Chapter 4 Thrombolysis timing in acute ischemic stroke: The ECASS III Trial Jillian M. Berkman, MD and Mark Etherton, MD, PhD Chapter 5 Symptom-triggered vs fixed-schedule benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal Rahul B. Ganatra, MD, MPH Chapter 6 Education and naloxone distribution to prevent opioid overdoses Victoria D. Powell, MD and Pooja Lagisetty, MD SECTION 2: CARDIOLOGY Chapter 7 Peri-operative risk for myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest Jeffrey L. Greenwald, MD Chapter 8 Perioperative beta blockers for non-cardiac surgery Jeffrey L. Greenwald, MD Chapter 9 Heparin vs. enoxaparin for unstable coronary artery disease: The ESSENCE trial Bradford A. Hilson, MD Chapter 10 Early invasive management for non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: The TACTICS-TIMI-18 Trial Cian P. McCarthy, MB, BCH, BAO, SM Chapter 11 Dual antiplatelet therapy for non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: The Cure Trial Cian P. McCarthy, MB, BCH, BAO, SM Chapter 12 Intensive vs moderate-intensity statins after acute coronary syndromes: The PROVE IT-TIMI 22 Trial Nilay K. Patel, MD Chapter 13 Loop diuretics for decompensated heart failure: The DOSE Study Debbie Lin Teodorescu, MD, MEng, AM and Hugo Torres, MD, MPH Chapter 14 Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition in heart failure: The PARADIGM-HF Trial Peyton Hanson, MD and Kathleen M. Finn MD, MPhil Chapter 15 Estimating risk of stroke in atrial fibrillation: The CHADS2 Trial Yichi Zhang MD, MBA, Christopher S. Schenck, MD, and David M. Dudzinski, MD Chapter 16 Apixaban vs. warfarin for atrial fibrillation: The ARISTOTLE trial Priyank Jain, MBBS SECTION 3: PULMONOLOGY & CRITICAL CARE Chapter 17 Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic use in lower respiratory tract infection Claudia Gregoriano, PhD and Philipp Schuetz, MD, MPH Chapter 18 Early discontinuation of antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia Kathy May Tran, MD Chapter 19 Glucocorticoids in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The REDUCE Trial Mobola Campbell, MD, MPH, MEd and Jeffrey L. Greenwald, MD Chapter 20 Noninvasive ventilation for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Raymond C. Parrish II, MD Chapter 21 Clinical criteria and D-dimer to exclude pulmonary embolism: The Wells Criteria Jeffrey L. Greenwald, MD Chapter 22 Point-of-care ultrasound in acute respiratory failure: The BLUE Protocol Thomas F. Heyne, MD, MSt and Kathy May Tran, MD Chapter 23 Low tidal volume ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome: The ARMA Trial Raymond C. Parrish II, MD Chapter 24 Fluid management in acute respiratory distress syndrome: The FACTT Trial Dominik J. Hoechter, MD Chapter 25 Dopamine vs. norepinephrine for shock: The SOAP II Trial Benjamin P. Geisler, MD, MPH Chapter 26 Protocol-based care for septic shock: The ProCESS Trial Benjamin P. Geisler, MD, MPH Chapter 27 Targeted temperature management after cardiac arrest: The TTM Trial Christy N. Taylor, MD, MPH and Jonathan Ludmir, MD SECTION 4: GASTROENTEROLOGY Chapter 28 Fecal transplant for recurrent Clostridiodes difficile infection Farrin A. Manian, MD, MPH Chapter 29 Antibiotic prophylaxis in cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding Farrin A. Manian, MD, MPH Chapter 30 Endoscopic variceal ligation and nadolol to prevent variceal rebleeding Rahul B. Ganatra, M.D., MPH Chapter 31 Albumin for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis Bradford A. Hilson, MD SECTION 5: HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY Chapter 32 Risk for venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients: The Padua Prediction Score Rahul B. Ganatra, MD, MPH Chapter 33 Low-molecular weight vs. unfractionated heparin for pulmonary embolism William C. Hillmann, MD, MS Chapter 34 Low-molecular weight heparin vs. oral vitamin K antagonist for cancer-associated venous thromboembolism: The CLOT Trial Marko Velimirovic, MD, MMSc and Hugo Torres, MD, MPH Chapter 35 Perioperative anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation: The BRIDGE Trial Priyank Jain, MBBS Chapter 36 Bleeding risk from anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation: HAS-BLED Jeffrey L. Greenwald, MD Chapter 37 Transfusion thresholds in critically ill patients: The TRICC Trial Jeffrey L. Greenwald, MD Chapter 38 4 T's Score to exclude heparin-induced thrombocytopenia Jeffrey L. Greenwald, MD Chapter 39 Early palliative care for metastatic cancer Mobola Campbell, MD, MPH, MEd and Kathy May Tran, MD SECTION 6: FLUIDS, NUTRITION, & METABOLISM Chapter 40 Timing of parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: The EPaNIC Study Mobola Campbell, MD, MPH, MEd and Katharine E. Black, M.D. Chapter 41 Early nasoenteric tube feeding in acute pancreatitis: The PYTHON Trial Margaret M. Chapman, MD Chapter 42 Glucose control in critically ill patients: The NICE-SUGAR Trial Hugo Torres, MD, MPH Chapter 43 Zoledronic acid after hip fracture: The HORIZON-RFT Trial Hugo Torres, MD, MPH and Kathy May Tran, MD SECTION 7: HOSPITAL SYSTEMS & OPERATIONS Chapter 44 Unconscious bias in referrals for cardiac catheterization William J. Tate, MD and Sherri-Ann M. Burnett-Bowie, MD, MPH Chapter 45 Replacing indwelling urinary catheters for urinary tract infection Hugo Torres, MD, MPH Chapter 46 Financial impact of healthcare-associated infections Marc Philip T. Pimentel, MD, MPH Chapter 47 Pharmacist-guided medication reconciliation to reduce readmissions Hugo Torres, MD, MPH Chapter 48 Patient-targeted discharge education to prevent heart failure readmissions Aditya Achanta, MD and Jason H. Wasfy, MD, MPhil Chapter 49 Identifying preventable 30-day hospital readmissions Hugo Torres, MD, MPH and Jeffrey L. Greenwald, MD Chapter 50 Effect of hospitalist care on medical utilization Anand Kartha, MD, MS