Corey Scher, MDClinical Professor of AnesthesiologyDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine New York University School of MedicineNew York, New York, USA, 10016Anna Clebone, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical CareThe University of Chicago 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC-4028Chicago, Illinois, USA, 60637Sanford M. Miller, MDClinical Professor of Anesthesiology (Emeritus), New York University School of MedicineFormer Assistant Director of Anesthesiology, Bellevue Hospital CenterRetired from Department of Anesthesiology, Bellevue Hospital CenterJ. David Roccaforte MDClinical Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Surgery Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine New York University School of Medicine Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Bellevue Hospital Center560 First AvenueNew York, New York, USA, 10016Levon M. Capan, M.D.ProfessorDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain MedicineVice Chair Faculty PromotionAssociate Director Anesthesia ServiceBellevue Hospital Center560 First AvenueNew York, New York, USA, 10016

• Preface.- Contributors.- Section I: General.- Chapter 1. Should Recent Clinical Trials Change Perioperative Management in Patients with Cardiac Risk Factors?.- Chapter 2. Should Real-Time Ultrasound Guidance Be Routinely Used for Central Venous Catheter Placement?.- Chapter 3. A Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease Is Coming to the Operating Room for an Emergent Procedure, which Intravenous Fluid Do You Plan to Give Her?.- Chapter 4. Just say NO to Nitrous!.- Chapter 5. Closed Loop Anesthesia: Wave of the Future or No Future?.- Chapter 6. Should Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Preventative Ventilation Be Standard in the Adult Operating Room?.- Chapter 7. I Gave Rocuronium 3 Hours Ago, Do I Need to Reverse?.- Chapter 8. How Do You Recognize and Treat Perioperative Anaphylaxis?.- Chapter 9. Is Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) Safe for All Cases?.- Chapter 10. Does Electrophysiology Really Have to Reprogram My Patient’s Pacemaker Prior to Electroconvulsive Therapy?.- Chapter11. When Can Transesophageal and Trans-Thoracic Echocardiography Be Useful in a Non-Cardiac Case?.- Chapter 12. Should Antifibrinolytics Be Used in Patients Undergoing Total Joint Replacements?.- Chapter 13. Will Operating Rooms Run More Efficiently when Anesthesiologists Get Involved in Their Management?.- Chapter 14. Are Outcomes Better for Trauma Patients Who Are Treated Early with Clotting Factors?.- Chapter 15. Should Cerebral Oximetry Be Employed in Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery?.- Chapter 16. Is Normal Saline Solution the Best Crystalloid for Intravascular Volume Resuscitation?.- Section II: Cardiac.- Chapter 17. Should Local Anesthesia with Conscious Sedation Be Considered the Standard of Care over General Anesthesia for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement via the Transfemoral Approach?.- Chapter 18. Should Antiplatelet Therapy Be Stopped Preoperatively in a Patient with Coronary Artery Stents?.- Chapter 19. Is Extubating My Cardiac Surgery Patient Postoperatively in the Operating Room a Good Idea?.- Chapter 20. Is a Pulmonary Artery Catheter Needed if You Have Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Routine Coronary Artery Bypass Graft?.- Chapter 21. When Should You Transfuse a Patient Who Is Bleeding After Cardiopulmonary Bypass?.- Chapter 22. Neuraxial Versus General Anesthesia in a Patient with Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis.- Chapter 23. Should High-Risk Cardiac Patients Receive Perioperative Statins?.- Chapter 24. Cardiopulmonary Bypass Cases: To Hemodilute or Not?.- Chapter 25. Are Seizures Really a Problem After the Use of Antifibrinolytics?.- Chapter 26. Is Regional Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery a Good Idea?.- Chapter 27. Are Surgical and Anesthesia Medical Missions in Developing Countries Helping or Hurting?: The Evolving Fields of Global Anesthesia and Global Surgery.- Section III: Thoracic.- Chapter 28. Can Oxygenation in Single-Lung Thoracic Surgery Be Affected by Inhibition of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction?.-Chapter 29. Is a Bronchial Blocker Just as Good as a Double-Lumen Tube for Achieving Adequate Lung Isolation?.- Chapter 30. Your Thoracic Epidural Is Not Working: How Do You Provide Analgesia Post-Thoracotomy?.- Section IV: Pediatric.- Chapter 31. Pediatric Upper Respiratory Infection: You Cancelled the Case and Told the Parents to Reschedule, Right?.- Chapter 32. Does a Low Mean Blood Pressure in the Neonate Under Anesthesia Lead to Cognitive Deficits?.- Chapter 33. Does Rapid Sequence Induction Have a Role in Pediatric Anesthesia?.- Chapter 34. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity: Is Anesthesia Toxic to the Developing Brain? Should I Cancel My Baby’s Surgery?.- Chapter 35. Should an Anxious Parent Be Allowed to Be Present for the Induction of Anesthesia in Her Child?.- Chapter 36. What Is the Role of Premedication in the Pediatric Patient?.- Chapter 37. Presence of Family Members in the Operating Room: Is This Really Helpful?.- Chapter 38. Is it Appropriate for Complicated Pediatric Surgical Patients to Receive Care Outside of Specialized Pediatric Centers?.- Chapter 39. Are the Transfusion Goals for a Premature Infant the Same as for a Seven-Year-Old?.- Chapter 40. How Should You Get the Autistic Child into the Operating Room when the Mother Objects to Intramuscular Ketamine?.- Chapter 41. Is “Deep” Extubation Preferable in Patients at Risk for Bronchospasm?.- Chapter 42. What Is the Best Approach to a Pediatric Patient with an Unexplained Intraoperative Cardiac Arrest?.- Chapter 43. Malignant Hyperthermia: “It Certainly Is” versus “It Certainly Is Not!”.- Chapter 44. Is There a “Right” Drug to Choose When the Blood Pressure Is Low and More Volume Is Not the Answer in a Pediatric Patient?.- Section V: Obstetric.- Chapter 45. Which Is Safer: a Traditional Epidural or a Combined Spinal-Epidural?.- Chapter 46. When Should a Patient Undergoing Dilation and Evacuation of Products of Gestation Be Intubated?.- Chapter 47. Two Blood Patches Have Failed. Now What?.- Chapter 48. Should a Spinal Be Used for Surgical Anesthesia After a Failed Labor Epidural?.- Chapter 49. Accidental Dural Puncture: Should an Intrathecal Catheter Be Threaded?.- Chapter 50. Should Intraoperative Cell Salvage Be Used During Cesarean Delivery?.- Chapter 51. Should Damage Control or Traditional Resuscitation Be Used for Abnormal Placentation Cases?.- Chapter 52. Managing the Noncompliant HIV-Positive Mother: A Pro/Con Debate.- Section VI: Neuroanesthesia.- Chapter 53. At What Hematocrit Should a Patient Who Is Undergoing Craniotomy for Tumor Be Transfused?.- Chapter 54. Traumatic Brain Injury: Where Do We Stand with Ketamine and Hyperventilation?.- Chapter 55. Is General Anesthesia or Conscious Sedation More Appropriate for Patients Undergoing Endovascular Clot Retrieval for Acute Ischemic Stroke?.- Chapter 56. Tranexamic Acid for Major Spine Surgery.- Chapter 57. Should Major Spine Surgery Patients Be Extubated in the Operating Room?.- Chapter 58. General Anesthesia for Intra-ArterialStroke Treatment (Endovascular Mechanical Thrombectomy): Still Needed or a Thing of the Past?.- Chapter 59. Is it Better to Perform a Craniotomy for Brain Tumor Resection Awake?.- Chapter 60. Nitrous Oxide in Neuroanesthesia: Does it Have a Place?.- Chapter 61. Should We Treat Hypertension Immediately Before Electroconvulsive Therapy?.- Section VII: Transplant.- Chapter 62. Viscoelastic Testing in Liver Transplantation.- Chapter 63. Antifibrinolytics in Liver Transplantation.- Chapter 64. Would You Recommend Accepting a “Donation After Cardiac Death” Liver?.- Chapter 65. Should Only Patients Who Are Medically Optimized Receive a Liver Transplant?.- Chapter 66. Is the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) Score the Best Way to Evaluate Liver Transplant Patients Preoperatively?.- Chapter 67. A Small Bowel Transplant for a Patient with Scleroderma: Once Again on the Slippery Slope Both Clinically and Ethically.- Section VIII: Critical Care.- Chapter 68. Should Steroids Be Used in Septic Shock?.- Chapter 69. Should Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Be Used for the Early Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?.- Chapter 70. What Is the Most Effective Initial Resuscitation for the Septic Shock Patient?.- Chapter 71. Should Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Be Placed in the Prone Position to Improve Ventilation?.- Chapter 72. What Is the Best Strategy for Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?.- Chapter 73. Is a Single Dose of Etomidate for Rapid Sequence Intubation (RSI) Safe in the Critically Ill Patient?.- Chapter 74. Should Intensive Care Unit Patients Be Deeply Sedated?.- Chapter 75. Is There Any Advantage to Albumin over Crystalloid for Volume Resuscitation?.- Chapter 76. There Is Nothing Dexmedetomidine Does that Cannot Be Done Old School.- Chapter 77. Does Treating Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Lead to Better Outcomes in Surgical Patients?.- Chapter 78. Should Mechanically Ventilated Intensive Care Unit PatientsReceive Physical Therapy?.- Section IX: Ambulatory.- Chapter 79. Should Persistent Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Delay Discharge of an Ambulatory Surgery Patient from the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit?.- Chapter 80. Should We Postpone Surgery in Patients with Uncontrolled Preoperative Hypertension?.- Chapter 81. Should the Morbidly Obese Patient Be Allowed to Leave the Day of Surgery?.- Chapter 82. Should Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Be Used for the Treatment of Postoperative Pain Following Ambulatory Surgery?.- Chapter 83. Pros and Cons of a Freestanding Ambulatory Surgery Center (ASC) Versus a Hospital-Based Operating Room.- Section X: Acute Pain.- Chapter 84. Can a Regional Anesthetic Affect the Development of Phantom Limb Pain?.- Chapter 85. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease and Regional Anesthesia/Analgesia: Is Perioperative Neuraxial Analgesia Really Contraindicated?.- Chapter 86. Positional Headache Without a Previous Lumbar Puncture: Would a Blood Patch Be Useful?.-Chapter 87. Single-Dose Epidural Morphine or Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia (PCEA) for Post-Cesarean Pain Control?.- Chapter 88. Is Opioid Avoidance Warranted for a Patient with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Postoperative Period?.- Section XI: Regional.- Chapter 89. Is Spinal or Epidural Anesthesia Contraindicated in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis?.- Chapter 90. The Scanner, the Twitcher, or Both: How Best to Perform Peripheral Nerve Blocks?.- Chapter 91. Do We Know the Mechanism of Intravenous Lipid Emulsion (ILE) Therapy for High Blood Levels of Local Anesthetics?.- Chapter 92. Secrets Behind Keeping Your Block Catheter Working.- Chapter 93. Is an Indwelling Neuraxial or Peripheral Nerve Regional Anesthesia Catheter Safe in a Trauma Patient Who Needs Twice Daily Low Molecular Weight Heparin?.- Chapter 94. Awake or Asleep: Can Regional Nerve Blocks Be Safely Performed in the Heavily Sedated or Asleep Patient?.- Chapter 95. Intraneural Injection: A Good Idea or Not?.- Chapter 96. Is a Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block Better than Surgical Field Infiltration?.- Chapter 97. Is Point-of-Care (POC) Coagulation Testing Worthwhile Before Regional or Neuraxial Anesthesia?.- Chapter 98. Should a Peripheral Nerve Block Be Placed in an Anticoagulated Patient?.- Chapter 99. Are the Benefits of Stimulating Peripheral Nerve Block Catheters Worth the Risks?.- Section XII: Chronic Pain.- Chapter 100. Epidural Steroid Injection or Physical Therapy for Lumbosacral Radiculopathy Due to Disc Herniation?.- Chapter 101. Should a Trial of Epidural Steroid Injections Be Done Before Considering Spine Surgery?.- Chapter 102. Epidural Steroid Injection for Unilateral Radicular Pain: Is the Transforaminal Approach Superior to Interlaminar Injection?.- Chapter 103. Is a Tricyclic Antidepressant the Best First-Line Agent in Treating Neuropathic Pain?.- Chapter 104. What Are the Risks and Benefits of Spinal Cord Stimulators and Intrathecal Pumps?.- Chapter 105. How Do You Determine if a Patient Has Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia?.- Chapter 106. Can Acute and Chronic Post-Surgical Pain Be Decreased with Perioperative Neuropathic Agents?.- Chapter 107. Is Urine Drug Testing a Good Idea for Patients on Chronic Opioid Therapy?.- Chapter 108. Dexamethasone: To Use or Not To Use—That Is the Question.- Chapter 109. Should Opioid Analgesics Be Used for Managing Pain in a Patient with a Drug Addiction?.- Chapter 110. Is Sympathetic Blockade Useful in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)?.- Section XIII: Trauma.- Chapter 111. Is Pulse Pressure Variation More Accurate than Central Venous Pressure (CVP) or Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP) for Volume Resuscitation?.- Chapter 112. What Is the Best Management Strategy for Venous Air Embolism?.- Chapter 113. Does Cerebral Oximetry Have an Important Role in Trauma?.- Chapter 114. Should New Trauma Paradigms Be Used in the Care of the Severe Trauma Patient?.- Section XIV: Perioperative.- Chapter 115. Do Herbal Supplements CreateUnnecessary Risk for Patients?.- Chapter 116. How Much Evaluation of the Airway Is Essential Prior to Anesthesia?.- Chapter 117. Are There Concerns with Using Droperidol for Sedation for an Awake Fiberoptic Intubation?.- Chapter 118. Do Special Measures—Such as Postoperative CPAP, a Prolonged PACU Stay, and PACU EtCO2 Monitoring—Improve the Outcome in a Patient with Obstructive Sleep Apnea?.- Section XV: Professionalism.- Chapter 119. Do Not Resuscitate: What Does that Mean Perioperatively?.- Chapter 120. Should a Trainee Be Allowed to Return to Anesthesiology After Narcotic Diversion and Presumed Addiction?.- Chapter 121. Should Anesthesia Personnel Be Subject to Mandatory Drug Testing?.- Chapter 122. Does Returning a Recovered Addicted Physician to Active Anesthesiology Practice Do More Harm Than Good?.- Chapter 123. Does Disruptive Behavior Among Anesthesia Care Providers Decrease Patient Safety?.- Chapter 124. Is Burnout Among Anesthesiologists a Humbug or a Real Entity?.- Chapter125. The Tumor Is Inoperable: Tell the Patient or Punt to the Surgeon?.- Chapter 126. What Is the Role of Pain Physicians in the Opioid Epidemic?.

“This book covers all of the major topics, general and systems-based, with a clear, pragmatic approach. Each chapter is sharp and concise, and yet the authors have hit all of the “must-know” points. … It is a light and anytime read for all who have a passion for anesthesia. ... I enjoyed reading this book.” (Rakhee Goyal, Anesthesia & Analgesia, Vol. 126 (3), March, 2018)

Corey Scher, MDClinical Professor of AnesthesiologyDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine New York University School of MedicineNew York, New York, USA, 10016Anna Clebone, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical CareThe University of Chicago 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC-4028Chicago, Illinois, USA, 60637Sanford M. Miller, MDClinical Professor of Anesthesiology (Emeritus), New York University School of MedicineFormer Assistant Director of Anesthesiology, Bellevue Hospital CenterRetired from Department of Anesthesiology, Bellevue Hospital CenterJ. David Roccaforte MDClinical Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Surgery Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine New York University School of Medicine Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Bellevue Hospital Center560 First AvenueNew York, New York, USA, 10016Levon M. Capan, M.D.ProfessorDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain MedicineVice Chair Faculty PromotionAssociate Director Anesthesia ServiceBellevue Hospital Center560 First AvenueNew York, New York, USA, 10016

• Preface.- Contributors.- Section I: General.- Chapter 1. Should Recent Clinical Trials Change Perioperative Management in Patients with Cardiac Risk Factors?.- Chapter 2. Should Real-Time Ultrasound Guidance Be Routinely Used for Central Venous Catheter Placement?.- Chapter 3. A Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease Is Coming to the Operating Room for an Emergent Procedure, which Intravenous Fluid Do You Plan to Give Her?.- Chapter 4. Just say NO to Nitrous!.- Chapter 5. Closed Loop Anesthesia: Wave of the Future or No Future?.- Chapter 6. Should Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Preventative Ventilation Be Standard in the Adult Operating Room?.- Chapter 7. I Gave Rocuronium 3 Hours Ago, Do I Need to Reverse?.- Chapter 8. How Do You Recognize and Treat Perioperative Anaphylaxis?.- Chapter 9. Is Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) Safe for All Cases?.- Chapter 10. Does Electrophysiology Really Have to Reprogram My Patient’s Pacemaker Prior to Electroconvulsive Therapy?.- Chapter11. When Can Transesophageal and Trans-Thoracic Echocardiography Be Useful in a Non-Cardiac Case?.- Chapter 12. Should Antifibrinolytics Be Used in Patients Undergoing Total Joint Replacements?.- Chapter 13. Will Operating Rooms Run More Efficiently when Anesthesiologists Get Involved in Their Management?.- Chapter 14. Are Outcomes Better for Trauma Patients Who Are Treated Early with Clotting Factors?.- Chapter 15. Should Cerebral Oximetry Be Employed in Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery?.- Chapter 16. Is Normal Saline Solution the Best Crystalloid for Intravascular Volume Resuscitation?.- Section II: Cardiac.- Chapter 17. Should Local Anesthesia with Conscious Sedation Be Considered the Standard of Care over General Anesthesia for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement via the Transfemoral Approach?.- Chapter 18. Should Antiplatelet Therapy Be Stopped Preoperatively in a Patient with Coronary Artery Stents?.- Chapter 19. Is Extubating My Cardiac Surgery Patient Postoperatively in the Operating Room a Good Idea?.- Chapter 20. Is a Pulmonary Artery Catheter Needed if You Have Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Routine Coronary Artery Bypass Graft?.- Chapter 21. When Should You Transfuse a Patient Who Is Bleeding After Cardiopulmonary Bypass?.- Chapter 22. Neuraxial Versus General Anesthesia in a Patient with Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis.- Chapter 23. Should High-Risk Cardiac Patients Receive Perioperative Statins?.- Chapter 24. Cardiopulmonary Bypass Cases: To Hemodilute or Not?.- Chapter 25. Are Seizures Really a Problem After the Use of Antifibrinolytics?.- Chapter 26. Is Regional Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery a Good Idea?.- Chapter 27. Are Surgical and Anesthesia Medical Missions in Developing Countries Helping or Hurting?: The Evolving Fields of Global Anesthesia and Global Surgery.- Section III: Thoracic.- Chapter 28. Can Oxygenation in Single-Lung Thoracic Surgery Be Affected by Inhibition of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction?.-Chapter 29. Is a Bronchial Blocker Just as Good as a Double-Lumen Tube for Achieving Adequate Lung Isolation?.- Chapter 30. Your Thoracic Epidural Is Not Working: How Do You Provide Analgesia Post-Thoracotomy?.- Section IV: Pediatric.- Chapter 31. Pediatric Upper Respiratory Infection: You Cancelled the Case and Told the Parents to Reschedule, Right?.- Chapter 32. Does a Low Mean Blood Pressure in the Neonate Under Anesthesia Lead to Cognitive Deficits?.- Chapter 33. Does Rapid Sequence Induction Have a Role in Pediatric Anesthesia?.- Chapter 34. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity: Is Anesthesia Toxic to the Developing Brain? Should I Cancel My Baby’s Surgery?.- Chapter 35. Should an Anxious Parent Be Allowed to Be Present for the Induction of Anesthesia in Her Child?.- Chapter 36. What Is the Role of Premedication in the Pediatric Patient?.- Chapter 37. Presence of Family Members in the Operating Room: Is This Really Helpful?.- Chapter 38. Is it Appropriate for Complicated Pediatric Surgical Patients to Receive Care Outside of Specialized Pediatric Centers?.- Chapter 39. Are the Transfusion Goals for a Premature Infant the Same as for a Seven-Year-Old?.- Chapter 40. How Should You Get the Autistic Child into the Operating Room when the Mother Objects to Intramuscular Ketamine?.- Chapter 41. Is “Deep” Extubation Preferable in Patients at Risk for Bronchospasm?.- Chapter 42. What Is the Best Approach to a Pediatric Patient with an Unexplained Intraoperative Cardiac Arrest?.- Chapter 43. Malignant Hyperthermia: “It Certainly Is” versus “It Certainly Is Not!”.- Chapter 44. Is There a “Right” Drug to Choose When the Blood Pressure Is Low and More Volume Is Not the Answer in a Pediatric Patient?.- Section V: Obstetric.- Chapter 45. Which Is Safer: a Traditional Epidural or a Combined Spinal-Epidural?.- Chapter 46. When Should a Patient Undergoing Dilation and Evacuation of Products of Gestation Be Intubated?.- Chapter 47. Two Blood Patches Have Failed. Now What?.- Chapter 48. Should a Spinal Be Used for Surgical Anesthesia After a Failed Labor Epidural?.- Chapter 49. Accidental Dural Puncture: Should an Intrathecal Catheter Be Threaded?.- Chapter 50. Should Intraoperative Cell Salvage Be Used During Cesarean Delivery?.- Chapter 51. Should Damage Control or Traditional Resuscitation Be Used for Abnormal Placentation Cases?.- Chapter 52. Managing the Noncompliant HIV-Positive Mother: A Pro/Con Debate.- Section VI: Neuroanesthesia.- Chapter 53. At What Hematocrit Should a Patient Who Is Undergoing Craniotomy for Tumor Be Transfused?.- Chapter 54. Traumatic Brain Injury: Where Do We Stand with Ketamine and Hyperventilation?.- Chapter 55. Is General Anesthesia or Conscious Sedation More Appropriate for Patients Undergoing Endovascular Clot Retrieval for Acute Ischemic Stroke?.- Chapter 56. Tranexamic Acid for Major Spine Surgery.- Chapter 57. Should Major Spine Surgery Patients Be Extubated in the Operating Room?.- Chapter 58. General Anesthesia for Intra-ArterialStroke Treatment (Endovascular Mechanical Thrombectomy): Still Needed or a Thing of the Past?.- Chapter 59. Is it Better to Perform a Craniotomy for Brain Tumor Resection Awake?.- Chapter 60. Nitrous Oxide in Neuroanesthesia: Does it Have a Place?.- Chapter 61. Should We Treat Hypertension Immediately Before Electroconvulsive Therapy?.- Section VII: Transplant.- Chapter 62. Viscoelastic Testing in Liver Transplantation.- Chapter 63. Antifibrinolytics in Liver Transplantation.- Chapter 64. Would You Recommend Accepting a “Donation After Cardiac Death” Liver?.- Chapter 65. Should Only Patients Who Are Medically Optimized Receive a Liver Transplant?.- Chapter 66. Is the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) Score the Best Way to Evaluate Liver Transplant Patients Preoperatively?.- Chapter 67. A Small Bowel Transplant for a Patient with Scleroderma: Once Again on the Slippery Slope Both Clinically and Ethically.- Section VIII: Critical Care.- Chapter 68. Should Steroids Be Used in Septic Shock?.- Chapter 69. Should Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Be Used for the Early Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?.- Chapter 70. What Is the Most Effective Initial Resuscitation for the Septic Shock Patient?.- Chapter 71. Should Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Be Placed in the Prone Position to Improve Ventilation?.- Chapter 72. What Is the Best Strategy for Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?.- Chapter 73. Is a Single Dose of Etomidate for Rapid Sequence Intubation (RSI) Safe in the Critically Ill Patient?.- Chapter 74. Should Intensive Care Unit Patients Be Deeply Sedated?.- Chapter 75. Is There Any Advantage to Albumin over Crystalloid for Volume Resuscitation?.- Chapter 76. There Is Nothing Dexmedetomidine Does that Cannot Be Done Old School.- Chapter 77. Does Treating Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Lead to Better Outcomes in Surgical Patients?.- Chapter 78. Should Mechanically Ventilated Intensive Care Unit PatientsReceive Physical Therapy?.- Section IX: Ambulatory.- Chapter 79. Should Persistent Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Delay Discharge of an Ambulatory Surgery Patient from the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit?.- Chapter 80. Should We Postpone Surgery in Patients with Uncontrolled Preoperative Hypertension?.- Chapter 81. Should the Morbidly Obese Patient Be Allowed to Leave the Day of Surgery?.- Chapter 82. Should Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Be Used for the Treatment of Postoperative Pain Following Ambulatory Surgery?.- Chapter 83. Pros and Cons of a Freestanding Ambulatory Surgery Center (ASC) Versus a Hospital-Based Operating Room.- Section X: Acute Pain.- Chapter 84. Can a Regional Anesthetic Affect the Development of Phantom Limb Pain?.- Chapter 85. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease and Regional Anesthesia/Analgesia: Is Perioperative Neuraxial Analgesia Really Contraindicated?.- Chapter 86. Positional Headache Without a Previous Lumbar Puncture: Would a Blood Patch Be Useful?.-Chapter 87. Single-Dose Epidural Morphine or Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia (PCEA) for Post-Cesarean Pain Control?.- Chapter 88. Is Opioid Avoidance Warranted for a Patient with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Postoperative Period?.- Section XI: Regional.- Chapter 89. Is Spinal or Epidural Anesthesia Contraindicated in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis?.- Chapter 90. The Scanner, the Twitcher, or Both: How Best to Perform Peripheral Nerve Blocks?.- Chapter 91. Do We Know the Mechanism of Intravenous Lipid Emulsion (ILE) Therapy for High Blood Levels of Local Anesthetics?.- Chapter 92. Secrets Behind Keeping Your Block Catheter Working.- Chapter 93. Is an Indwelling Neuraxial or Peripheral Nerve Regional Anesthesia Catheter Safe in a Trauma Patient Who Needs Twice Daily Low Molecular Weight Heparin?.- Chapter 94. Awake or Asleep: Can Regional Nerve Blocks Be Safely Performed in the Heavily Sedated or Asleep Patient?.- Chapter 95. Intraneural Injection: A Good Idea or Not?.- Chapter 96. Is a Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block Better than Surgical Field Infiltration?.- Chapter 97. Is Point-of-Care (POC) Coagulation Testing Worthwhile Before Regional or Neuraxial Anesthesia?.- Chapter 98. Should a Peripheral Nerve Block Be Placed in an Anticoagulated Patient?.- Chapter 99. Are the Benefits of Stimulating Peripheral Nerve Block Catheters Worth the Risks?.- Section XII: Chronic Pain.- Chapter 100. Epidural Steroid Injection or Physical Therapy for Lumbosacral Radiculopathy Due to Disc Herniation?.- Chapter 101. Should a Trial of Epidural Steroid Injections Be Done Before Considering Spine Surgery?.- Chapter 102. Epidural Steroid Injection for Unilateral Radicular Pain: Is the Transforaminal Approach Superior to Interlaminar Injection?.- Chapter 103. Is a Tricyclic Antidepressant the Best First-Line Agent in Treating Neuropathic Pain?.- Chapter 104. What Are the Risks and Benefits of Spinal Cord Stimulators and Intrathecal Pumps?.- Chapter 105. How Do You Determine if a Patient Has Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia?.- Chapter 106. Can Acute and Chronic Post-Surgical Pain Be Decreased with Perioperative Neuropathic Agents?.- Chapter 107. Is Urine Drug Testing a Good Idea for Patients on Chronic Opioid Therapy?.- Chapter 108. Dexamethasone: To Use or Not To Use—That Is the Question.- Chapter 109. Should Opioid Analgesics Be Used for Managing Pain in a Patient with a Drug Addiction?.- Chapter 110. Is Sympathetic Blockade Useful in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)?.- Section XIII: Trauma.- Chapter 111. Is Pulse Pressure Variation More Accurate than Central Venous Pressure (CVP) or Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP) for Volume Resuscitation?.- Chapter 112. What Is the Best Management Strategy for Venous Air Embolism?.- Chapter 113. Does Cerebral Oximetry Have an Important Role in Trauma?.- Chapter 114. Should New Trauma Paradigms Be Used in the Care of the Severe Trauma Patient?.- Section XIV: Perioperative.- Chapter 115. Do Herbal Supplements CreateUnnecessary Risk for Patients?.- Chapter 116. How Much Evaluation of the Airway Is Essential Prior to Anesthesia?.- Chapter 117. Are There Concerns with Using Droperidol for Sedation for an Awake Fiberoptic Intubation?.- Chapter 118. Do Special Measures—Such as Postoperative CPAP, a Prolonged PACU Stay, and PACU EtCO2 Monitoring—Improve the Outcome in a Patient with Obstructive Sleep Apnea?.- Section XV: Professionalism.- Chapter 119. Do Not Resuscitate: What Does that Mean Perioperatively?.- Chapter 120. Should a Trainee Be Allowed to Return to Anesthesiology After Narcotic Diversion and Presumed Addiction?.- Chapter 121. Should Anesthesia Personnel Be Subject to Mandatory Drug Testing?.- Chapter 122. Does Returning a Recovered Addicted Physician to Active Anesthesiology Practice Do More Harm Than Good?.- Chapter 123. Does Disruptive Behavior Among Anesthesia Care Providers Decrease Patient Safety?.- Chapter 124. Is Burnout Among Anesthesiologists a Humbug or a Real Entity?.- Chapter125. The Tumor Is Inoperable: Tell the Patient or Punt to the Surgeon?.- Chapter 126. What Is the Role of Pain Physicians in the Opioid Epidemic?.

“This book covers all of the major topics, general and systems-based, with a clear, pragmatic approach. Each chapter is sharp and concise, and yet the authors have hit all of the “must-know” points. … It is a light and anytime read for all who have a passion for anesthesia. ... I enjoyed reading this book.” (Rakhee Goyal, Anesthesia & Analgesia, Vol. 126 (3), March, 2018)

Corey Scher, MDClinical Professor of AnesthesiologyDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine New York University School of MedicineNew York, New York, USA, 10016Anna Clebone, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical CareThe University of Chicago 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC-4028Chicago, Illinois, USA, 60637Sanford M. Miller, MDClinical Professor of Anesthesiology (Emeritus), New York University School of MedicineFormer Assistant Director of Anesthesiology, Bellevue Hospital CenterRetired from Department of Anesthesiology, Bellevue Hospital CenterJ. David Roccaforte MDClinical Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Surgery Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine New York University School of Medicine Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Bellevue Hospital Center560 First AvenueNew York, New York, USA, 10016Levon M. Capan, M.D.ProfessorDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain MedicineVice Chair Faculty PromotionAssociate Director Anesthesia ServiceBellevue Hospital Center560 First AvenueNew York, New York, USA, 10016

• Preface.- Contributors.- Section I: General.- Chapter 1. Should Recent Clinical Trials Change Perioperative Management in Patients with Cardiac Risk Factors?.- Chapter 2. Should Real-Time Ultrasound Guidance Be Routinely Used for Central Venous Catheter Placement?.- Chapter 3. A Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease Is Coming to the Operating Room for an Emergent Procedure, which Intravenous Fluid Do You Plan to Give Her?.- Chapter 4. Just say NO to Nitrous!.- Chapter 5. Closed Loop Anesthesia: Wave of the Future or No Future?.- Chapter 6. Should Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Preventative Ventilation Be Standard in the Adult Operating Room?.- Chapter 7. I Gave Rocuronium 3 Hours Ago, Do I Need to Reverse?.- Chapter 8. How Do You Recognize and Treat Perioperative Anaphylaxis?.- Chapter 9. Is Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) Safe for All Cases?.- Chapter 10. Does Electrophysiology Really Have to Reprogram My Patient’s Pacemaker Prior to Electroconvulsive Therapy?.- Chapter11. When Can Transesophageal and Trans-Thoracic Echocardiography Be Useful in a Non-Cardiac Case?.- Chapter 12. Should Antifibrinolytics Be Used in Patients Undergoing Total Joint Replacements?.- Chapter 13. Will Operating Rooms Run More Efficiently when Anesthesiologists Get Involved in Their Management?.- Chapter 14. Are Outcomes Better for Trauma Patients Who Are Treated Early with Clotting Factors?.- Chapter 15. Should Cerebral Oximetry Be Employed in Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery?.- Chapter 16. Is Normal Saline Solution the Best Crystalloid for Intravascular Volume Resuscitation?.- Section II: Cardiac.- Chapter 17. Should Local Anesthesia with Conscious Sedation Be Considered the Standard of Care over General Anesthesia for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement via the Transfemoral Approach?.- Chapter 18. Should Antiplatelet Therapy Be Stopped Preoperatively in a Patient with Coronary Artery Stents?.- Chapter 19. Is Extubating My Cardiac Surgery Patient Postoperatively in the Operating Room a Good Idea?.- Chapter 20. Is a Pulmonary Artery Catheter Needed if You Have Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Routine Coronary Artery Bypass Graft?.- Chapter 21. When Should You Transfuse a Patient Who Is Bleeding After Cardiopulmonary Bypass?.- Chapter 22. Neuraxial Versus General Anesthesia in a Patient with Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis.- Chapter 23. Should High-Risk Cardiac Patients Receive Perioperative Statins?.- Chapter 24. Cardiopulmonary Bypass Cases: To Hemodilute or Not?.- Chapter 25. Are Seizures Really a Problem After the Use of Antifibrinolytics?.- Chapter 26. Is Regional Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery a Good Idea?.- Chapter 27. Are Surgical and Anesthesia Medical Missions in Developing Countries Helping or Hurting?: The Evolving Fields of Global Anesthesia and Global Surgery.- Section III: Thoracic.- Chapter 28. Can Oxygenation in Single-Lung Thoracic Surgery Be Affected by Inhibition of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction?.-Chapter 29. Is a Bronchial Blocker Just as Good as a Double-Lumen Tube for Achieving Adequate Lung Isolation?.- Chapter 30. Your Thoracic Epidural Is Not Working: How Do You Provide Analgesia Post-Thoracotomy?.- Section IV: Pediatric.- Chapter 31. Pediatric Upper Respiratory Infection: You Cancelled the Case and Told the Parents to Reschedule, Right?.- Chapter 32. Does a Low Mean Blood Pressure in the Neonate Under Anesthesia Lead to Cognitive Deficits?.- Chapter 33. Does Rapid Sequence Induction Have a Role in Pediatric Anesthesia?.- Chapter 34. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity: Is Anesthesia Toxic to the Developing Brain? Should I Cancel My Baby’s Surgery?.- Chapter 35. Should an Anxious Parent Be Allowed to Be Present for the Induction of Anesthesia in Her Child?.- Chapter 36. What Is the Role of Premedication in the Pediatric Patient?.- Chapter 37. Presence of Family Members in the Operating Room: Is This Really Helpful?.- Chapter 38. Is it Appropriate for Complicated Pediatric Surgical Patients to Receive Care Outside of Specialized Pediatric Centers?.- Chapter 39. Are the Transfusion Goals for a Premature Infant the Same as for a Seven-Year-Old?.- Chapter 40. How Should You Get the Autistic Child into the Operating Room when the Mother Objects to Intramuscular Ketamine?.- Chapter 41. Is “Deep” Extubation Preferable in Patients at Risk for Bronchospasm?.- Chapter 42. What Is the Best Approach to a Pediatric Patient with an Unexplained Intraoperative Cardiac Arrest?.- Chapter 43. Malignant Hyperthermia: “It Certainly Is” versus “It Certainly Is Not!”.- Chapter 44. Is There a “Right” Drug to Choose When the Blood Pressure Is Low and More Volume Is Not the Answer in a Pediatric Patient?.- Section V: Obstetric.- Chapter 45. Which Is Safer: a Traditional Epidural or a Combined Spinal-Epidural?.- Chapter 46. When Should a Patient Undergoing Dilation and Evacuation of Products of Gestation Be Intubated?.- Chapter 47. Two Blood Patches Have Failed. Now What?.- Chapter 48. Should a Spinal Be Used for Surgical Anesthesia After a Failed Labor Epidural?.- Chapter 49. Accidental Dural Puncture: Should an Intrathecal Catheter Be Threaded?.- Chapter 50. Should Intraoperative Cell Salvage Be Used During Cesarean Delivery?.- Chapter 51. Should Damage Control or Traditional Resuscitation Be Used for Abnormal Placentation Cases?.- Chapter 52. Managing the Noncompliant HIV-Positive Mother: A Pro/Con Debate.- Section VI: Neuroanesthesia.- Chapter 53. At What Hematocrit Should a Patient Who Is Undergoing Craniotomy for Tumor Be Transfused?.- Chapter 54. Traumatic Brain Injury: Where Do We Stand with Ketamine and Hyperventilation?.- Chapter 55. Is General Anesthesia or Conscious Sedation More Appropriate for Patients Undergoing Endovascular Clot Retrieval for Acute Ischemic Stroke?.- Chapter 56. Tranexamic Acid for Major Spine Surgery.- Chapter 57. Should Major Spine Surgery Patients Be Extubated in the Operating Room?.- Chapter 58. General Anesthesia for Intra-ArterialStroke Treatment (Endovascular Mechanical Thrombectomy): Still Needed or a Thing of the Past?.- Chapter 59. Is it Better to Perform a Craniotomy for Brain Tumor Resection Awake?.- Chapter 60. Nitrous Oxide in Neuroanesthesia: Does it Have a Place?.- Chapter 61. Should We Treat Hypertension Immediately Before Electroconvulsive Therapy?.- Section VII: Transplant.- Chapter 62. Viscoelastic Testing in Liver Transplantation.- Chapter 63. Antifibrinolytics in Liver Transplantation.- Chapter 64. Would You Recommend Accepting a “Donation After Cardiac Death” Liver?.- Chapter 65. Should Only Patients Who Are Medically Optimized Receive a Liver Transplant?.- Chapter 66. Is the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) Score the Best Way to Evaluate Liver Transplant Patients Preoperatively?.- Chapter 67. A Small Bowel Transplant for a Patient with Scleroderma: Once Again on the Slippery Slope Both Clinically and Ethically.- Section VIII: Critical Care.- Chapter 68. Should Steroids Be Used in Septic Shock?.- Chapter 69. Should Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Be Used for the Early Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?.- Chapter 70. What Is the Most Effective Initial Resuscitation for the Septic Shock Patient?.- Chapter 71. Should Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Be Placed in the Prone Position to Improve Ventilation?.- Chapter 72. What Is the Best Strategy for Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?.- Chapter 73. Is a Single Dose of Etomidate for Rapid Sequence Intubation (RSI) Safe in the Critically Ill Patient?.- Chapter 74. Should Intensive Care Unit Patients Be Deeply Sedated?.- Chapter 75. Is There Any Advantage to Albumin over Crystalloid for Volume Resuscitation?.- Chapter 76. There Is Nothing Dexmedetomidine Does that Cannot Be Done Old School.- Chapter 77. Does Treating Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Lead to Better Outcomes in Surgical Patients?.- Chapter 78. Should Mechanically Ventilated Intensive Care Unit PatientsReceive Physical Therapy?.- Section IX: Ambulatory.- Chapter 79. Should Persistent Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Delay Discharge of an Ambulatory Surgery Patient from the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit?.- Chapter 80. Should We Postpone Surgery in Patients with Uncontrolled Preoperative Hypertension?.- Chapter 81. Should the Morbidly Obese Patient Be Allowed to Leave the Day of Surgery?.- Chapter 82. Should Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Be Used for the Treatment of Postoperative Pain Following Ambulatory Surgery?.- Chapter 83. Pros and Cons of a Freestanding Ambulatory Surgery Center (ASC) Versus a Hospital-Based Operating Room.- Section X: Acute Pain.- Chapter 84. Can a Regional Anesthetic Affect the Development of Phantom Limb Pain?.- Chapter 85. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease and Regional Anesthesia/Analgesia: Is Perioperative Neuraxial Analgesia Really Contraindicated?.- Chapter 86. Positional Headache Without a Previous Lumbar Puncture: Would a Blood Patch Be Useful?.-Chapter 87. Single-Dose Epidural Morphine or Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia (PCEA) for Post-Cesarean Pain Control?.- Chapter 88. Is Opioid Avoidance Warranted for a Patient with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Postoperative Period?.- Section XI: Regional.- Chapter 89. Is Spinal or Epidural Anesthesia Contraindicated in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis?.- Chapter 90. The Scanner, the Twitcher, or Both: How Best to Perform Peripheral Nerve Blocks?.- Chapter 91. Do We Know the Mechanism of Intravenous Lipid Emulsion (ILE) Therapy for High Blood Levels of Local Anesthetics?.- Chapter 92. Secrets Behind Keeping Your Block Catheter Working.- Chapter 93. Is an Indwelling Neuraxial or Peripheral Nerve Regional Anesthesia Catheter Safe in a Trauma Patient Who Needs Twice Daily Low Molecular Weight Heparin?.- Chapter 94. Awake or Asleep: Can Regional Nerve Blocks Be Safely Performed in the Heavily Sedated or Asleep Patient?.- Chapter 95. Intraneural Injection: A Good Idea or Not?.- Chapter 96. Is a Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block Better than Surgical Field Infiltration?.- Chapter 97. Is Point-of-Care (POC) Coagulation Testing Worthwhile Before Regional or Neuraxial Anesthesia?.- Chapter 98. Should a Peripheral Nerve Block Be Placed in an Anticoagulated Patient?.- Chapter 99. Are the Benefits of Stimulating Peripheral Nerve Block Catheters Worth the Risks?.- Section XII: Chronic Pain.- Chapter 100. Epidural Steroid Injection or Physical Therapy for Lumbosacral Radiculopathy Due to Disc Herniation?.- Chapter 101. Should a Trial of Epidural Steroid Injections Be Done Before Considering Spine Surgery?.- Chapter 102. Epidural Steroid Injection for Unilateral Radicular Pain: Is the Transforaminal Approach Superior to Interlaminar Injection?.- Chapter 103. Is a Tricyclic Antidepressant the Best First-Line Agent in Treating Neuropathic Pain?.- Chapter 104. What Are the Risks and Benefits of Spinal Cord Stimulators and Intrathecal Pumps?.- Chapter 105. How Do You Determine if a Patient Has Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia?.- Chapter 106. Can Acute and Chronic Post-Surgical Pain Be Decreased with Perioperative Neuropathic Agents?.- Chapter 107. Is Urine Drug Testing a Good Idea for Patients on Chronic Opioid Therapy?.- Chapter 108. Dexamethasone: To Use or Not To Use—That Is the Question.- Chapter 109. Should Opioid Analgesics Be Used for Managing Pain in a Patient with a Drug Addiction?.- Chapter 110. Is Sympathetic Blockade Useful in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)?.- Section XIII: Trauma.- Chapter 111. Is Pulse Pressure Variation More Accurate than Central Venous Pressure (CVP) or Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP) for Volume Resuscitation?.- Chapter 112. What Is the Best Management Strategy for Venous Air Embolism?.- Chapter 113. Does Cerebral Oximetry Have an Important Role in Trauma?.- Chapter 114. Should New Trauma Paradigms Be Used in the Care of the Severe Trauma Patient?.- Section XIV: Perioperative.- Chapter 115. Do Herbal Supplements CreateUnnecessary Risk for Patients?.- Chapter 116. How Much Evaluation of the Airway Is Essential Prior to Anesthesia?.- Chapter 117. Are There Concerns with Using Droperidol for Sedation for an Awake Fiberoptic Intubation?.- Chapter 118. Do Special Measures—Such as Postoperative CPAP, a Prolonged PACU Stay, and PACU EtCO2 Monitoring—Improve the Outcome in a Patient with Obstructive Sleep Apnea?.- Section XV: Professionalism.- Chapter 119. Do Not Resuscitate: What Does that Mean Perioperatively?.- Chapter 120. Should a Trainee Be Allowed to Return to Anesthesiology After Narcotic Diversion and Presumed Addiction?.- Chapter 121. Should Anesthesia Personnel Be Subject to Mandatory Drug Testing?.- Chapter 122. Does Returning a Recovered Addicted Physician to Active Anesthesiology Practice Do More Harm Than Good?.- Chapter 123. Does Disruptive Behavior Among Anesthesia Care Providers Decrease Patient Safety?.- Chapter 124. Is Burnout Among Anesthesiologists a Humbug or a Real Entity?.- Chapter125. The Tumor Is Inoperable: Tell the Patient or Punt to the Surgeon?.- Chapter 126. What Is the Role of Pain Physicians in the Opioid Epidemic?.

“This book covers all of the major topics, general and systems-based, with a clear, pragmatic approach. Each chapter is sharp and concise, and yet the authors have hit all of the “must-know” points. … It is a light and anytime read for all who have a passion for anesthesia. ... I enjoyed reading this book.” (Rakhee Goyal, Anesthesia & Analgesia, Vol. 126 (3), March, 2018)