VINCENT AZOULAY is one of France's leading historians of classical Greek society. He has published widely on Xenophon and other 4th-century authors in connection with Sparta, Athens and Persia. He is also author of the monograph Pericles of Athens (Princeton, 2014). Vincent Azoulay is directeur d'études at the Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Paris.

• FOREWORD INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 – CHARIS AND ITS CHALLENGES I. The Law of Charis III. Charis in Democracy CHAPTER 2 – LEGITIMATE FAVORS I. Xenophon’s Three Graces II. Supreme Benefits: Feeding Bodies and Minds III. Contextualizing Favors: The Differential Effectiveness of Gifts CHAPTER 3 – FROM GOOD DEEDS TO MISDEEDS: THE CORRUPTING POWER OF CHARIS I. The Ambiguities of Xenia II. Agesilaus and Xenophon: The Incorruptibles? III. From Material Corruption to Spiritual Corruption CHAPTER 4 – BETWEEN CHARIS ANDMISTHOS : XENOPHON AGAINST THE MERCHANTS? I. ‘The Hostile World’ of Goods II. The Ambiguous Virtues of Commercial Exchange CHAPTER 5 – CHARIS AND ENVY I. The Omnipresence of Phthonos: The Social Genesis of a Feeling II. Leveling From the Bottom or Redistributing from the Top? III. Phthonos and Charis: Dangerous Liaisons CHAPTER 6 – CHARIS AND PHILIA: THE POLITICS OF FRIENDSHIP I. The Debate over Philia II. Philia and Patronage III. From Philia to Philanthropia CHAPTER 7 – CHARIS AND PATERNITY I. From Fraternal Union to Paternal Love II. Paternal Power: An Unattainable Dream? III. Cyrus, or the Universal Father CHAPTER 8 – THE GRACES OF LOVE I. Erotic Reciprocity and Its Dangers II. The Political Power of the Eromenos III. From Socrates to Cyrus: The Rivalry of Two Graces IV. Epilogue: On the Love of Men and the Veneration of the Gods CONCLUSION PHILOLOGICAL ANNEX: CHARIS IN XENOPHON’S CORPUSContentsNOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY GENERAL INDEX INDEX LOCORUM

VINCENT AZOULAY is one of France's leading historians of classical Greek society. He has published widely on Xenophon and other 4th-century authors in connection with Sparta, Athens and Persia. He is also author of the monograph Pericles of Athens (Princeton, 2014). Vincent Azoulay is directeur d'études at the Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Paris.

• FOREWORD INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 – CHARIS AND ITS CHALLENGES I. The Law of Charis III. Charis in Democracy CHAPTER 2 – LEGITIMATE FAVORS I. Xenophon’s Three Graces II. Supreme Benefits: Feeding Bodies and Minds III. Contextualizing Favors: The Differential Effectiveness of Gifts CHAPTER 3 – FROM GOOD DEEDS TO MISDEEDS: THE CORRUPTING POWER OF CHARIS I. The Ambiguities of Xenia II. Agesilaus and Xenophon: The Incorruptibles? III. From Material Corruption to Spiritual Corruption CHAPTER 4 – BETWEEN CHARIS ANDMISTHOS : XENOPHON AGAINST THE MERCHANTS? I. ‘The Hostile World’ of Goods II. The Ambiguous Virtues of Commercial Exchange CHAPTER 5 – CHARIS AND ENVY I. The Omnipresence of Phthonos: The Social Genesis of a Feeling II. Leveling From the Bottom or Redistributing from the Top? III. Phthonos and Charis: Dangerous Liaisons CHAPTER 6 – CHARIS AND PHILIA: THE POLITICS OF FRIENDSHIP I. The Debate over Philia II. Philia and Patronage III. From Philia to Philanthropia CHAPTER 7 – CHARIS AND PATERNITY I. From Fraternal Union to Paternal Love II. Paternal Power: An Unattainable Dream? III. Cyrus, or the Universal Father CHAPTER 8 – THE GRACES OF LOVE I. Erotic Reciprocity and Its Dangers II. The Political Power of the Eromenos III. From Socrates to Cyrus: The Rivalry of Two Graces IV. Epilogue: On the Love of Men and the Veneration of the Gods CONCLUSION PHILOLOGICAL ANNEX: CHARIS IN XENOPHON’S CORPUSContentsNOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY GENERAL INDEX INDEX LOCORUM

VINCENT AZOULAY is one of France's leading historians of classical Greek society. He has published widely on Xenophon and other 4th-century authors in connection with Sparta, Athens and Persia. He is also author of the monograph Pericles of Athens (Princeton, 2014). Vincent Azoulay is directeur d'études at the Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Paris.

• FOREWORD INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 – CHARIS AND ITS CHALLENGES I. The Law of Charis III. Charis in Democracy CHAPTER 2 – LEGITIMATE FAVORS I. Xenophon’s Three Graces II. Supreme Benefits: Feeding Bodies and Minds III. Contextualizing Favors: The Differential Effectiveness of Gifts CHAPTER 3 – FROM GOOD DEEDS TO MISDEEDS: THE CORRUPTING POWER OF CHARIS I. The Ambiguities of Xenia II. Agesilaus and Xenophon: The Incorruptibles? III. From Material Corruption to Spiritual Corruption CHAPTER 4 – BETWEEN CHARIS ANDMISTHOS : XENOPHON AGAINST THE MERCHANTS? I. ‘The Hostile World’ of Goods II. The Ambiguous Virtues of Commercial Exchange CHAPTER 5 – CHARIS AND ENVY I. The Omnipresence of Phthonos: The Social Genesis of a Feeling II. Leveling From the Bottom or Redistributing from the Top? III. Phthonos and Charis: Dangerous Liaisons CHAPTER 6 – CHARIS AND PHILIA: THE POLITICS OF FRIENDSHIP I. The Debate over Philia II. Philia and Patronage III. From Philia to Philanthropia CHAPTER 7 – CHARIS AND PATERNITY I. From Fraternal Union to Paternal Love II. Paternal Power: An Unattainable Dream? III. Cyrus, or the Universal Father CHAPTER 8 – THE GRACES OF LOVE I. Erotic Reciprocity and Its Dangers II. The Political Power of the Eromenos III. From Socrates to Cyrus: The Rivalry of Two Graces IV. Epilogue: On the Love of Men and the Veneration of the Gods CONCLUSION PHILOLOGICAL ANNEX: CHARIS IN XENOPHON’S CORPUSContentsNOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY GENERAL INDEX INDEX LOCORUM