Senthan Selvarajah is a co-director at the Centre for Media, Human Rights and Peacebuilding, UK; CEO at the Gate Foundation, UK; and a PhD supervisor for Unicaf University students.Nesrin Kenar is an associate professor at the Faculty of Political Sciences, Sakarya University, Turkey, and a co-director of the Centre for Media, Human Rights and Peacebuilding, UK. She was the former vice dean of the Faculty of Political Sciences at Sakarya University.Ibrahim Seaga Shaw is the chairman/information commissioner of Right to Access Information Commission; the coordinator of the Graduate Program at the Faculty of Communication, Media, and Information Studies, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone; and a co-director at the Centre for Media, Human Rights and Peacebuilding, UK.Pradeep Dhakal is a co-director at the Centre for Media, Human Rights and Peacebuilding, UK; and a director of Chetanalaya Institute, Nepal. Before that, he was a lecturer at Tribhuvan University, Nepal.

• Chapter 1: Xenophobic Portrayal of Immigrants and Refugees and Threat Image Construction in the Media: An Introduction Part 1: Principles and Practise of Journalism of Tolerance Chapter 2: Reporting Syrian refugees in Turkey: the myths, the facts, and human rights journalism Chapter 3: Journalism of Tolerance: Reporting About Refugees and ImmigrantsChapter 4: Xenophobia in the Media and Turkish Management of Syrian Refugees: Applications of Lessons on Afghan Refugees and Ukrainian ImmigrantsPart 2: Media Stereotyping of Minorities and WomenChapter 5: Immoral Image of Emigrant Women: A Distanced-Marginalised Self? Chapter 6: The Dangers of the Syrian Woman from the Lens of Mainstream Turkish Media OutletsChapter 7: Displacement, Citizenship and Media: A Sociological Study of Paroja Tribe and its Identity ConstructionChapter 8: The nexus between xenophobia and GBV: A qualitative inquiry on African migrant women’s lived experiences in Durban, South AfricaPart 3: Politics of Xenophobia and Portrayal of Enemy Image Chapter 9: Discrimination, Criminalisation and Xenophobia in the Media: the case of Venezuelan Migration in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and PeruChapter 10: ‘Aliens are here to destroy us’ – Xenophobia and the Art of Headlining in South African MediaChapter 11: Throwing Stones in still ponds: the nexus between Xenophobia and Afrophobia and the Instrumentalisation of the Media in Cȏte d’Ivoire and post-Apartheid South AfricaPart 4: Social Media and XenophobiaChapter 12: Interplays between Anti-Islam and Anti-Migration Sentiments in the Turkish ContextChapter 13: Hate Speech on Facebook and Its Implications on National Unity in Cameroon Chapter 14: The criminalisation of migration in South Africa: An exploration of Operation Dudula and Fiela from a social media perspective Chapter 15: Anti-immigrant attitudes and social media use: An empirical study on xenophobia in North Macedonia

Senthan Selvarajah is a co-director at the Centre for Media, Human Rights and Peacebuilding, UK; CEO at the Gate Foundation, UK; and a PhD supervisor for Unicaf University students.Nesrin Kenar is an associate professor at the Faculty of Political Sciences, Sakarya University, Turkey, and a co-director of the Centre for Media, Human Rights and Peacebuilding, UK. She was the former vice dean of the Faculty of Political Sciences at Sakarya University.Ibrahim Seaga Shaw is the chairman/information commissioner of Right to Access Information Commission; the coordinator of the Graduate Program at the Faculty of Communication, Media, and Information Studies, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone; and a co-director at the Centre for Media, Human Rights and Peacebuilding, UK.Pradeep Dhakal is a co-director at the Centre for Media, Human Rights and Peacebuilding, UK; and a director of Chetanalaya Institute, Nepal. Before that, he was a lecturer at Tribhuvan University, Nepal.

• Chapter 1: Xenophobic Portrayal of Immigrants and Refugees and Threat Image Construction in the Media: An Introduction Part 1: Principles and Practise of Journalism of Tolerance Chapter 2: Reporting Syrian refugees in Turkey: the myths, the facts, and human rights journalism Chapter 3: Journalism of Tolerance: Reporting About Refugees and ImmigrantsChapter 4: Xenophobia in the Media and Turkish Management of Syrian Refugees: Applications of Lessons on Afghan Refugees and Ukrainian ImmigrantsPart 2: Media Stereotyping of Minorities and WomenChapter 5: Immoral Image of Emigrant Women: A Distanced-Marginalised Self? Chapter 6: The Dangers of the Syrian Woman from the Lens of Mainstream Turkish Media OutletsChapter 7: Displacement, Citizenship and Media: A Sociological Study of Paroja Tribe and its Identity ConstructionChapter 8: The nexus between xenophobia and GBV: A qualitative inquiry on African migrant women’s lived experiences in Durban, South AfricaPart 3: Politics of Xenophobia and Portrayal of Enemy Image Chapter 9: Discrimination, Criminalisation and Xenophobia in the Media: the case of Venezuelan Migration in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and PeruChapter 10: ‘Aliens are here to destroy us’ – Xenophobia and the Art of Headlining in South African MediaChapter 11: Throwing Stones in still ponds: the nexus between Xenophobia and Afrophobia and the Instrumentalisation of the Media in Cȏte d’Ivoire and post-Apartheid South AfricaPart 4: Social Media and XenophobiaChapter 12: Interplays between Anti-Islam and Anti-Migration Sentiments in the Turkish ContextChapter 13: Hate Speech on Facebook and Its Implications on National Unity in Cameroon Chapter 14: The criminalisation of migration in South Africa: An exploration of Operation Dudula and Fiela from a social media perspective Chapter 15: Anti-immigrant attitudes and social media use: An empirical study on xenophobia in North Macedonia

Senthan Selvarajah is a co-director at the Centre for Media, Human Rights and Peacebuilding, UK; CEO at the Gate Foundation, UK; and a PhD supervisor for Unicaf University students.Nesrin Kenar is an associate professor at the Faculty of Political Sciences, Sakarya University, Turkey, and a co-director of the Centre for Media, Human Rights and Peacebuilding, UK. She was the former vice dean of the Faculty of Political Sciences at Sakarya University.Ibrahim Seaga Shaw is the chairman/information commissioner of Right to Access Information Commission; the coordinator of the Graduate Program at the Faculty of Communication, Media, and Information Studies, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone; and a co-director at the Centre for Media, Human Rights and Peacebuilding, UK.Pradeep Dhakal is a co-director at the Centre for Media, Human Rights and Peacebuilding, UK; and a director of Chetanalaya Institute, Nepal. Before that, he was a lecturer at Tribhuvan University, Nepal.

• Chapter 1: Xenophobic Portrayal of Immigrants and Refugees and Threat Image Construction in the Media: An Introduction Part 1: Principles and Practise of Journalism of Tolerance Chapter 2: Reporting Syrian refugees in Turkey: the myths, the facts, and human rights journalism Chapter 3: Journalism of Tolerance: Reporting About Refugees and ImmigrantsChapter 4: Xenophobia in the Media and Turkish Management of Syrian Refugees: Applications of Lessons on Afghan Refugees and Ukrainian ImmigrantsPart 2: Media Stereotyping of Minorities and WomenChapter 5: Immoral Image of Emigrant Women: A Distanced-Marginalised Self? Chapter 6: The Dangers of the Syrian Woman from the Lens of Mainstream Turkish Media OutletsChapter 7: Displacement, Citizenship and Media: A Sociological Study of Paroja Tribe and its Identity ConstructionChapter 8: The nexus between xenophobia and GBV: A qualitative inquiry on African migrant women’s lived experiences in Durban, South AfricaPart 3: Politics of Xenophobia and Portrayal of Enemy Image Chapter 9: Discrimination, Criminalisation and Xenophobia in the Media: the case of Venezuelan Migration in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and PeruChapter 10: ‘Aliens are here to destroy us’ – Xenophobia and the Art of Headlining in South African MediaChapter 11: Throwing Stones in still ponds: the nexus between Xenophobia and Afrophobia and the Instrumentalisation of the Media in Cȏte d’Ivoire and post-Apartheid South AfricaPart 4: Social Media and XenophobiaChapter 12: Interplays between Anti-Islam and Anti-Migration Sentiments in the Turkish ContextChapter 13: Hate Speech on Facebook and Its Implications on National Unity in Cameroon Chapter 14: The criminalisation of migration in South Africa: An exploration of Operation Dudula and Fiela from a social media perspective Chapter 15: Anti-immigrant attitudes and social media use: An empirical study on xenophobia in North Macedonia