IAN S. MARKHAM is Dean and President of Virginia Theological Seminary and Professor of Theology and Ethics. He has written extensively in the areas of interreligious dialogue and social ethics. His work includes Understanding Christian Doctrine and Do Morals Matter? CHRISTY LOHR SAPP is Pastor of St. Andrew's Lutheran Church in Hickory, NC – the "College Church" of Lenoir-Rhyne University. She has held various staff and leadership positions in international interfaith organizations and local ecumenical networks.

• List of Maps xiiiPreface to the Fourth Edition xvAcknowledgments xvii1 Purpose and Method 1The Purpose 2Defining Religion 3Competing Methodologies 5Defending This Approach 9Use in the Classroom 102 Secular Humanism 13Survey 14Readings in Secular Humanism 15The Secular Mind 15Worldviews 16Ethical Expression 24Modern Expression 34Fact Sheets 423 Indigenous Religions 45Survey 46Readings in Indigenous Religions 48The Indigenous Mind 48Worldviews 49Institutions and Rituals 51Ethical Expression 55Modern Expression 58Fact Sheets 634 Hinduism 65Survey 66Readings in Hinduism 71The Hindu Mind 71Worldviews 71Institutions and Rituals 87Ethical Expression 88Modern Expression 97Fact Sheets 1025 Jainism 105Survey 106Readings in Jainism 107The Jain Mind 107Worldviews 108Institutions and Rituals 109Ethical Expression 110Modern Expression 111Fact Sheets 1126 Buddhism 115Survey 116Readings in Buddhism 119The Buddhist Mind 119Worldviews 119Institutions and Rituals 133Ethical Expression 137Modern Expression 140Fact Sheets 1437 Chinese Religion 147Survey 148Readings in Chinese Religion 151The Chinese Mind 151Worldviews 152Institutions and Rituals 159Ethical Expression 162Modern Expression 168Fact Sheets 1758 Shintoism 179Survey 180Readings in Shintoism 182The Shinto Mind 182Worldviews 182Institutions and Rituals 185Ethical Expression 189Modern Expression 197Fact Sheets 2029 Zoroastrianism 205Survey 206Readings in Zoroastrianism 207The Zoroastrian Mind 207Zoroastrian Worldview 207Institutions and Rituals 210Ethical Expression 211Modern Expression 212Fact Sheets 21310 Judaism 217Survey 218Readings in Judaism 220The Jewish Mind 220Worldviews 221Institutions and Rituals 224Ethical Expression 227Modern Expression 237Fact Sheets 24311 Christianity 247Survey 248Readings in Christianity 250The Christian Mind 250Worldviews 250Institutions and Rituals 254Ethical Expression 257Modern Expression 260Fact Sheets 26612 Islam 271Survey 272Readings in Islam 275The Muslim Mind 275Worldviews 275Institutions and Rituals 282Ethical Expression 284Modern Expression 286Fact Sheets 29513 Sikhism 299Survey 300Readings in Sikhism 302The Sikh Mind 302Worldviews 312Institutions and Rituals 313Ethical Expression 316Modern Expression 320Fact Sheets 32514 Emerging Religions 329Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐Day Saints 331Survey 331Readings in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints 333Mormon Mind 333Worldview 333Institutions and Rituals 335Modern Expression 336Baha’i Faith 337Survey 337Readings in the Baha’i Faith 338The Baha’i Mind 338Worldview 338Institutions and Rituals 339Ethical Expression 340Rastafarianism 341Survey 341Readings in Rastafarianism 342Rasta Mind 342Worldviews 344Institutions and Rituals 346Modern Expression 347Fact Sheets 349Worldwide Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid‐2010 353Annotated Bibliography 357Credits 367Index 379

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