Cenap Cakmak is Professor of International Law and Politics at Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Turkey, and Senior Researcher at Wise Men Center for Strategic Research, Turkey.Ali Onur Özçelik is Assistant Professor at Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Turkey.

• 1. Introduction: Maintaining Relevance between Study of International Society and Arab Spring.- 2. The United Nations and the Arab Spring.- 3. A Litmus Test for Europe: EU Mediterranean Politics after the Arab Spring.- 4. The Arab Spring and Unconstitutional Changes of Government in Africa.- 5. Cultural Heritage and the Arab Spring: A Review of (Inter)national responses towards Safeguarding Heritage under Fire.- 6. How the Gulf Cooperation Council Responded to Arab Spring.- 7. The United States and Arab Spring: A Mixed Approach of Cautious Optimism and Indifference.- 8. Russia and the Arab Spring: A Counter-Revolutionary Power in the MENA Region.- 9. Six Years after the Arab Spring: China Foreign Policy in the Middle East-North Africa.- 10. French Foreign Policy in Libya and Syria (2003-17): Strategic Adaptability in Quickly Changing Environments.- 11. The Arab Spring and Response from India.- 12. Turkey and the Arab Spring.- 13. Iran’s Unscrupulous Role in Arab Spring: A March Back to Authoritarianism?.- 14. An Israeli Perspective on the Popular Uprisings in the Arab Middle East.- 15. The Arab Spring and the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG): Analogies to the Arab State Crisis?.- 16. Defending the Heartland: Saudi Arabian Response to the Arab Spring.- 17. Foreign Policy by Stealth: Kuwait and the Arab Spring.- 18. The UAE and the Arab Spring: Rethinking Foreign Policy.- 19. Conclusion.

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