Catriona Pennell, Ph.D. (2008), Trinity College Dublin, is Associate Professor of History at the University of Exeter. She has published widely on the socio-cultural history of the First World War and its commemoration, including A Kingdom United: Popular Responses to the Outbreak of the First World War in Britain and Ireland (OUP, 2012).Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses, Ph.D. (1996), Trinity College Dublin, is Professor of History and Head of Department at Maynooth University. He has written extensively on Portugal in the 20th century, from the First World War to the decolonization of Southern Africa.

• AcknowledgementsList of IllustrationsNotes on ContributorsIntroductionCatriona Pennell and Filipe Ribeiro de MenesesPart 1: Mobilizing Minds1 Cultural Mobilization: Henry Moore and the Two World WarsJ.M. Winter2 Petitioning the World: Intellectuals and Cultural Mobilization in the Great WarTomás Irish3 ‘German Servicemen See Europe’: Cultural Mobilization of Troops on the Aegean ‘Quiet Front’Anthony McElligottPart 2: Soldiering: Experience and Representation4 The Sharp End: Witnessing, Perpetrating, and Suffering Violence in 20th Century WarsAlan Kramer5 The Isle of Saints and Soldiers: The Evolving Image of the Irish Combatant, 1914–1918Heather Jones and Edward Madigan6 “For What and For Whom Were We Fighting?” Red Army Soldiers, Combat Motivation and Survival Strategies on the Eastern Front in the Second World WarRobert DalePart 3: Civilians under Fire7 Against Civilians: Atrocities, Extermination, and Genocide from One World War to the Other, 1942/44–1914Annette Becker8 Mobility and Immobility in Civilian Experiences of the First World War: Refugees and Occupied Populations in Europe, 1914–1918Alex Dowdall9 Occupation, Memory, and Cultural Demobilization: Paris as Case StudyMichael S. NeibergPart 4: Victory and Defeat10 Post-wars and Violence: Europe between 1918 and the Later 1940sRobert Gerwarth11 A Croat Iliad? Miroslav Krleža and the Refractions of Victory and Defeat in Central EuropeJohn Paul Newman12 “The Worst Disaster”: British Reactions to the Fall of SingaporeDaniel TodmanA World at War: 1911–1949: ConclusionJohn HorneBibliographyIndex