Dr. Ekaterina Yahyaoui Krivenko received her Ph.D. with specialization in international law from the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, in 2004. She also received a D.E.S. from the same institution in 2000, and a LL.M. from the Albert-Ludwigs University in Freiburg i. Br., Germany, in 1998. She holds a diploma in law from Belarusian State University in Minsk, Belarus, and LL.B. from University of Geneva in Switzerland. Currently, she is a research fellow at the Canada Research Chair in International Migration Law of the Centre for International Studies (CÉRIUM) of the Université de Montréal, Canada.

• Abbreviations Introduction Theory and Reality of Human Rights I. Framework, Goals and Structure II. On Methodology A. Feminist Legal Methods B. Applying Feminist Methods to Human Rights Law C. Whose “Right” and Who is “Right”? I. Where and What are Women’s Rights for One and for the OtherI. International Law, Human Rights, and the Status of Women A. Introductory Remarks B. Human Rights Law and the Status of Women: Defi ning Women’s Needs as Human Rights 1. A Historical Perspective; 2. Where and What are Women’s Human Rights;3. Human Rights of Women v. Women’s Rights: Feminist Critiques of the Way; 4. Human Rights Law Addresses Women’s Interests C. Conclusions II. Women in Islam and Islamic Law A. Introductory Notes B. Terminological Clarifi cations C. Islamic Law: A Search for the Divine Will 1. General Clarifi cations; 2. Islamic Law in its Traditional Form D. Status of Women under Islamic Law: Between Tradition and Modernity 1. General Differences between Approaches; 2. Right to Marry and Choose a Spouse; 3. Rights and Obligations of Spouses during the Marriage; 4. Dissolution of Marriage; 5. Custody and Guardianship of Children; 6. Polygamy; 7. Conclusions III. Islamic Law as a Process IV. Concluding Remarks II. Reservations to Treaties: Some Theoretical Issues I. Introduction: Why Reservations? II. Reservations in International Law in General A. Concept of Reservations1. Definition and Historical Remarks; 2.Theories B. The Vienna Convention Regime 1. Permissibility of Reservations; 2. Reactions of States to Reservations and their Effects; 2. Possibility of Modifi cation of Reservations C. Purposes, Functions and Mechanisms of the Reservations Regime in International Law in General III. Reservations to Human Rights Treaties A. Are Human Rights Treaties Different?B. Reciprocity and Reservations to Human Rights Treaties C. Attitude of States and Treaty-Monitoring Bodies in Face of Reservations to Human Rights Treaties in the Light of the Doctrine 1. General Trends in the Practice of Treaty-Monitoring Bodies; 2. Developments in the Practice of States IV. Regime of Reservations and Dynamism of Human Rights Treaties III. Practice Developed in the Context of Reservations to the CEDAW Based on Islam I. Content of Reservations to the CEDAW Based on Islam A. Articles Affected 1. General Remarks; 2. Article 2; 3. Article 9; 4. Article 15; 5. Article 16; 6. Conclusions B. Nature of Reservations 1. Algeria; 2. Bahrain; 3. Bangladesh; 4. Brunei; 5. Egypt; 6. Iraq; 7. Jordan; 8. Kuwait; 9. Libya; 10. Malaysia; 11. The Maldives; 12. Mauritania; 13. Morocco; 14. Niger; 15. Oman; 16. Pakistan; 17. Saudi Arabia; 18. Syria; 19. Tunisia; 20. United Arab EmiratesC. ConclusionsII. Reactions of States to Reservations A. Introductory Remarks B. Objections 1. Determination of the Nature of Reservations; 2. Effects of Reservations and Objections; 3. Other Types of Statements C. Other Reactions 1. “Late Objections”; 2. Reactions to Modifications; 3. Views of States Parties to the Convention Submitted at the Request of the Secretary-General D. Conclusions on General Trends in State Practice III. Practice of the Committee A. The Committee’s Comments on Reservations as Part of Examination of States’ Periodic Reports 1. Discussing the Impact of Reservations with States; 2. Determining the Nature of Reservations B. Other Statements on Reservations C. The Optional Protocol and the Issue of Reservations D. Conclusions IV. From Statement to Process? IV. Promoting the DialogueI. Approaching Conclusions II. International Law and Municipal Legal Orders A. Some Theoretical Premises B. Situation with the Municipal Law of Muslim States III. Suggestions A. Summary of the Analysis B. Proposals Bibliography Index

Dr. Ekaterina Yahyaoui Krivenko received her Ph.D. with specialization in international law from the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, in 2004. She also received a D.E.S. from the same institution in 2000, and a LL.M. from the Albert-Ludwigs University in Freiburg i. Br., Germany, in 1998. She holds a diploma in law from Belarusian State University in Minsk, Belarus, and LL.B. from University of Geneva in Switzerland. Currently, she is a research fellow at the Canada Research Chair in International Migration Law of the Centre for International Studies (CÉRIUM) of the Université de Montréal, Canada.

• Abbreviations Introduction Theory and Reality of Human Rights I. Framework, Goals and Structure II. On Methodology A. Feminist Legal Methods B. Applying Feminist Methods to Human Rights Law C. Whose “Right” and Who is “Right”? I. Where and What are Women’s Rights for One and for the OtherI. International Law, Human Rights, and the Status of Women A. Introductory Remarks B. Human Rights Law and the Status of Women: Defi ning Women’s Needs as Human Rights 1. A Historical Perspective; 2. Where and What are Women’s Human Rights;3. Human Rights of Women v. Women’s Rights: Feminist Critiques of the Way; 4. Human Rights Law Addresses Women’s Interests C. Conclusions II. Women in Islam and Islamic Law A. Introductory Notes B. Terminological Clarifi cations C. Islamic Law: A Search for the Divine Will 1. General Clarifi cations; 2. Islamic Law in its Traditional Form D. Status of Women under Islamic Law: Between Tradition and Modernity 1. General Differences between Approaches; 2. Right to Marry and Choose a Spouse; 3. Rights and Obligations of Spouses during the Marriage; 4. Dissolution of Marriage; 5. Custody and Guardianship of Children; 6. Polygamy; 7. Conclusions III. Islamic Law as a Process IV. Concluding Remarks II. Reservations to Treaties: Some Theoretical Issues I. Introduction: Why Reservations? II. Reservations in International Law in General A. Concept of Reservations1. Definition and Historical Remarks; 2.Theories B. The Vienna Convention Regime 1. Permissibility of Reservations; 2. Reactions of States to Reservations and their Effects; 2. Possibility of Modifi cation of Reservations C. Purposes, Functions and Mechanisms of the Reservations Regime in International Law in General III. Reservations to Human Rights Treaties A. Are Human Rights Treaties Different?B. Reciprocity and Reservations to Human Rights Treaties C. Attitude of States and Treaty-Monitoring Bodies in Face of Reservations to Human Rights Treaties in the Light of the Doctrine 1. General Trends in the Practice of Treaty-Monitoring Bodies; 2. Developments in the Practice of States IV. Regime of Reservations and Dynamism of Human Rights Treaties III. Practice Developed in the Context of Reservations to the CEDAW Based on Islam I. Content of Reservations to the CEDAW Based on Islam A. Articles Affected 1. General Remarks; 2. Article 2; 3. Article 9; 4. Article 15; 5. Article 16; 6. Conclusions B. Nature of Reservations 1. Algeria; 2. Bahrain; 3. Bangladesh; 4. Brunei; 5. Egypt; 6. Iraq; 7. Jordan; 8. Kuwait; 9. Libya; 10. Malaysia; 11. The Maldives; 12. Mauritania; 13. Morocco; 14. Niger; 15. Oman; 16. Pakistan; 17. Saudi Arabia; 18. Syria; 19. Tunisia; 20. United Arab EmiratesC. ConclusionsII. Reactions of States to Reservations A. Introductory Remarks B. Objections 1. Determination of the Nature of Reservations; 2. Effects of Reservations and Objections; 3. Other Types of Statements C. Other Reactions 1. “Late Objections”; 2. Reactions to Modifications; 3. Views of States Parties to the Convention Submitted at the Request of the Secretary-General D. Conclusions on General Trends in State Practice III. Practice of the Committee A. The Committee’s Comments on Reservations as Part of Examination of States’ Periodic Reports 1. Discussing the Impact of Reservations with States; 2. Determining the Nature of Reservations B. Other Statements on Reservations C. The Optional Protocol and the Issue of Reservations D. Conclusions IV. From Statement to Process? IV. Promoting the DialogueI. Approaching Conclusions II. International Law and Municipal Legal Orders A. Some Theoretical Premises B. Situation with the Municipal Law of Muslim States III. Suggestions A. Summary of the Analysis B. Proposals Bibliography Index

Dr. Ekaterina Yahyaoui Krivenko received her Ph.D. with specialization in international law from the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, in 2004. She also received a D.E.S. from the same institution in 2000, and a LL.M. from the Albert-Ludwigs University in Freiburg i. Br., Germany, in 1998. She holds a diploma in law from Belarusian State University in Minsk, Belarus, and LL.B. from University of Geneva in Switzerland. Currently, she is a research fellow at the Canada Research Chair in International Migration Law of the Centre for International Studies (CÉRIUM) of the Université de Montréal, Canada.

• Abbreviations Introduction Theory and Reality of Human Rights I. Framework, Goals and Structure II. On Methodology A. Feminist Legal Methods B. Applying Feminist Methods to Human Rights Law C. Whose “Right” and Who is “Right”? I. Where and What are Women’s Rights for One and for the OtherI. International Law, Human Rights, and the Status of Women A. Introductory Remarks B. Human Rights Law and the Status of Women: Defi ning Women’s Needs as Human Rights 1. A Historical Perspective; 2. Where and What are Women’s Human Rights;3. Human Rights of Women v. Women’s Rights: Feminist Critiques of the Way; 4. Human Rights Law Addresses Women’s Interests C. Conclusions II. Women in Islam and Islamic Law A. Introductory Notes B. Terminological Clarifi cations C. Islamic Law: A Search for the Divine Will 1. General Clarifi cations; 2. Islamic Law in its Traditional Form D. Status of Women under Islamic Law: Between Tradition and Modernity 1. General Differences between Approaches; 2. Right to Marry and Choose a Spouse; 3. Rights and Obligations of Spouses during the Marriage; 4. Dissolution of Marriage; 5. Custody and Guardianship of Children; 6. Polygamy; 7. Conclusions III. Islamic Law as a Process IV. Concluding Remarks II. Reservations to Treaties: Some Theoretical Issues I. Introduction: Why Reservations? II. Reservations in International Law in General A. Concept of Reservations1. Definition and Historical Remarks; 2.Theories B. The Vienna Convention Regime 1. Permissibility of Reservations; 2. Reactions of States to Reservations and their Effects; 2. Possibility of Modifi cation of Reservations C. Purposes, Functions and Mechanisms of the Reservations Regime in International Law in General III. Reservations to Human Rights Treaties A. Are Human Rights Treaties Different?B. Reciprocity and Reservations to Human Rights Treaties C. Attitude of States and Treaty-Monitoring Bodies in Face of Reservations to Human Rights Treaties in the Light of the Doctrine 1. General Trends in the Practice of Treaty-Monitoring Bodies; 2. Developments in the Practice of States IV. Regime of Reservations and Dynamism of Human Rights Treaties III. Practice Developed in the Context of Reservations to the CEDAW Based on Islam I. Content of Reservations to the CEDAW Based on Islam A. Articles Affected 1. General Remarks; 2. Article 2; 3. Article 9; 4. Article 15; 5. Article 16; 6. Conclusions B. Nature of Reservations 1. Algeria; 2. Bahrain; 3. Bangladesh; 4. Brunei; 5. Egypt; 6. Iraq; 7. Jordan; 8. Kuwait; 9. Libya; 10. Malaysia; 11. The Maldives; 12. Mauritania; 13. Morocco; 14. Niger; 15. Oman; 16. Pakistan; 17. Saudi Arabia; 18. Syria; 19. Tunisia; 20. United Arab EmiratesC. ConclusionsII. Reactions of States to Reservations A. Introductory Remarks B. Objections 1. Determination of the Nature of Reservations; 2. Effects of Reservations and Objections; 3. Other Types of Statements C. Other Reactions 1. “Late Objections”; 2. Reactions to Modifications; 3. Views of States Parties to the Convention Submitted at the Request of the Secretary-General D. Conclusions on General Trends in State Practice III. Practice of the Committee A. The Committee’s Comments on Reservations as Part of Examination of States’ Periodic Reports 1. Discussing the Impact of Reservations with States; 2. Determining the Nature of Reservations B. Other Statements on Reservations C. The Optional Protocol and the Issue of Reservations D. Conclusions IV. From Statement to Process? IV. Promoting the DialogueI. Approaching Conclusions II. International Law and Municipal Legal Orders A. Some Theoretical Premises B. Situation with the Municipal Law of Muslim States III. Suggestions A. Summary of the Analysis B. Proposals Bibliography Index