Women in Developing Countries

Karen L. Kinnear, MA, is a sociologist with over 30 years of experience in sociological, economic, and statistical analyses.

• PrefaceList of Developing Countries1 Background and HistoryBasic Concepts Important to the Study of Women in Developing CountriesSex Roles versus Gender RolesSocial StratificationPatriarchyCultural RelativismHistory of Women in DevelopmentThe United NationsDevelopment Agencies and ApproachesStructural Adjustment ProgramsMillennium Development GoalsOverview of Women's Status and Experiences in the World TodayFamily RelationsMarriagePreference for MalesEducationHealth CareNutritionOccupational HealthContraceptivesAbortionMaternal MortalityFemale Genital MutilationSexually Transmitted DiseasesProstitution and Sex TraffickingViolence against WomenEmploymentWomen's Rights as Human RightsEmpowerment of WomenReferences2 Problems, Controversies, and SolutionsProblemsTraditionEducationMarriage and FamilyPreference for Male ChildrenChild MarriageDomestic ViolenceDowryHealth CareFamily PlanningMaternal MortalityProstitution and Sex TraffickingHIV/AIDS and Other Sexually Transmitted DiseasesWomen and WorkAbility to Work Outside the HomeGender Gap in Pay and PositionsMicroenterpriseLand Ownership and Property RightsInformation and Communications TechnologiesFemale Refugees and Victims of WarControversiesFemale Genital MutilationAbortionHonor KillingsSolutionsReferences3 U.S. ConcernsImmigrationAsylumRefugee StatusDetermination of AsylumDerivative AsylumReasons for AsylumFemale Genital MutilationDomestic Abuse, RapeReligionForced MarriageDetention While Awaiting Asylum DeterminationGuestworker Programs in the United StatesTraffickingImmigrants' Life in the United StatesFamily Planning PolicyLack of Ratification by the United States of Key International ConventionsConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against WomenThe Convention on the Rights of the ChildReferences4 ChronologyReferences5 Biographical SketchesAminah Al-SaidAduke AlakijaCorazon AquinoAung San Suu KyiSirimavo BandaranaikeEla BhattBenazir BhuttoEster BoserupElise BouldingAngie Brooks-RandolphCharlotte BunchVioleta Barrios de ChamorroEugenia CharlesGaositwe Keagakwa Tibe ChiepeJeanne Martin CisséShirin EbadiNawal El SaadawiAna Figuerolndira GandhiLydia Gueiler TejadaAsha HagiAsma JahangirAnnie Ruth Baeta JiaggeFatima JinnahEllen Johnson-SirleafBegum Liaquat Ali KhanGwendoline KonieChandrika Bandaranaike KumaratungaBertha LutzWangari MaathaiRigoberta Menchu TumFatima MernissiShushila NayarTeurai Ropa NhongoIsabel PeronFumilayo Ransome-KutiAisha RátebDhanvanthi Rama RauNibuya SabalsajarayGita SenHuda ShaarawiLeticia Ramos ShahaniHelvi SipiläMargaret SnyderMu SochuaMary TadesseSakena YacoobiBegum Khaleda ZiaReferences6 Facts and DataInternational Conventions and ProtocolsThe Charter of the United NationsCommission on the Status of WomenUniversal Declaration of Human RightsConvention on the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of OthersEqual Remuneration ConventionConvention on the Political Rights of WomenConvention on the Nationality of Married WomenDiscrimination (Employment and Occupation) ConventionConvention against Discrimination in EducationInternational Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural RightsInternational Covenant on Civil and Political RightsDeclaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against WomenDeclaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency and Armed ConflictConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their FamiliesFourth World Conference on Women Beijing DeclarationHome Work ConventionProtocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized CrimeUN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women and Peace and SecurityRegional Conventions: Inter-American Conventions, Statutes, and DeclarationsAmerican Convention on Human Rights ("Pact of San Jose, Costa Rica")Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights ("Protocol of San Salvador")Statute of the Inter-American Commission of WomenInter-American Convention on the Granting of Civil Rights to WomenInter-American Convention on the Granting of Political Rights to WomenInter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women ("Convention of Belem do Para")Inter-American Convention on Support ObligationsConvention on the Nationality of WomenRegional Conventions: AfricaAfrican (Banjul) Charter on Human and Peoples' RightsProtocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in AfricaCondition of Women in Developing CountriesHealthFemale Genital Mutilation or CuttingEducationDomestic Violence and RapeProstitution and Sex TraffickingVoting and ElectionsLabor and EmploymentReferences7 Directory of OrganizationsNongovernmental OrganizationsGovernment and Government-Affiliated OrganizationsUN Entities8 Selected Print and Nonprint ResourcesBooksAgency ReportsJournals and Journal ArticlesVideos and Electronic ResourcesWebsites and BlogsGlossaryIndexAbout the Author