Wittgenstein on Freud Reexamined: Psychoanalytic Treatments as Language-Games

Józef Bremer, Ph.D. (1996), Munich School of Philosophy, is Professor of Philosophy at the Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow. He has published monographs and many articles on Ludwig Wittgenstein and cognitive science, including 'Wittgenstein's Tractatus as Poetic Philosophy and Philosophical Poetics' (in: Poetics Today, 2021).

• Introduction1 Two Biographies: Sigmund Freud and Ludwig Wittgenstein1 Freud’s and Wittgenstein’s Works and Their English Translation2 Freud – Translator and German Language Master3 Wittgenstein – English Translations of His Works2 Ordinary Language-Games1 Ordinary Language Philosophy1.1 Why Ordinary Language?1.2 Linguistic Misinterpretations1.3 A Perspicuous Representation1.4 Roots of Perspicuous Representation1.5 Perspicuous Representation and Psychoanalysis1.6 Mythology2 Poetics of Ordinary Language2.1 Wittgenstein on Poetics2.2 The Poeticality of Wittgenstein’s Works2.3 Freud on Poetry and Cultural Linguistics3 Language-Games – Speech-Action-Interweaving3.1 Language-Games: Their Diversity and Relations to Practices and Mythology3.2 Language-Games and Their Rules3.3 Language-Games and the Meaning of a Word3.4 The Aims of Language-Games and Practices in Philosophy3.5 The Aims of the Psychotherapeutic “Talking Cure”4 Language-Games of Persuasion4.1 World-Picture as a Rock-Bottom or Construction: Wittgenstein – Freud4.2 Reasons versus Different Kinds of Persuasion4.3 Loose and Strong Sense of Persuasion3 Philosophical and Psychoanalytical Treatment1 Freud’s and Wittgenstein’s Attitude toward Treatment by Hypnosis1.1 Freud: Hypnosis as a Method of Treatment1.2 Hypnosis Session Seen as a Kind of Language-Game1.3 Wittgenstein’s Practicing of Self-Hypnosis1.4 Wittgenstein in Dublin – the Recollections of Maurice O.C. Drury2 Wittgenstein’s Philosophy as Therapies2.1 Therapies of Language Mistakes2.2 Therapies of Existential Worries3 `Language-Games of Psychoanalytic Therapies3.1 The Psychoanalytical Method3.2 Setting and Its Dimensions3.3 Examples of Language-Games of Free Association4 Free Association – the Cornerstone of the Psychoanalytic Method4.1 Rule of Free Association4.2 Analyst and Analysand as Involved in the Same Language-Game Process4 The Complexity of Psychoanalytic Treatment1 Analyst – Analysand: Linguistical Team Work2 Phenomena Accompanying the Psychoanalytic Treatment2.1 Transference – Counter-Transference2.2 Resistance and Repression2.3 Regression and Fixation2.4 Reverie – Unconscious Connection between Analysand and Analyst2.5 Talking as Acting: Freud – Wittgenstein3 The Novelty of the Free Association Technique3.1 Critical Remarks about Psychoanalytical Therapy3.2 Freud and Wittgenstein on the Therapies4 Unconsciousness: Wittgenstein versus Freud4.1 Motivation Theory: Freud versus Wittgenstein4.2 Wittgenstein: Unconscious as a “Means of Representation”4.3 Freud: Unconsciousness as Unconscious5 Dream Interpretation1 Empirical and Epistemological Commitment of Freud’s Unconsciousness1.1 Dream-Work and Dream Interpretation1.2 Dream-Work – Four Functions1.3 Free Association and Dream Interpretation2 Wittgenstein on Freud’s Interpretation of the “Beautiful Dream”2.1 Sexuality and Persuasion2.2 Causes and Reasons2.3 The Wholeness of the Manifest Dream Story/Narratives2.4 The Diversity of Aspects in Dream Interpretation2.5 Dream’s Language6 ConclusionAppendix1 Psychoanalysis and Its Scientific Methods1.1 The Scientific Nature of Psychoanalysis – Historical Point of View1.2 Psychoanalysis: Science versus Pseudoscience1.3 Wittgenstein: Sciences as Language-Games2 Wittgenstein’s “Interpretation” of His Personal Dream3 The Dream as a MovieBibliographyIndex