Paul Robert Magocsi is professor of history and political science at the University of Toronto, where since 1980 he also holds the John Yaremko Chair of Ukrainian Studies.

• List of Maps, List of Tables, Introduction, Chapters 1. Carpatho-Rusyns and the land of Carpathian Rus' Human geography No shortage of names Physical geography A borderland of borders 2. Carpathian Rus' in prehistoric times Earliest human settlements The Iron Age and the Celts Early peoples in Carpathian Rus' The Roman Empire and the Dacians 3. The Slavs and their arrival in the Carpathians The Huns and the displacement of peoples The origin-of-peoples fetish Is DNA the reliable way? The Slavs and Carpathian Rus' Dwellings of the early Slavs The White Croats and the Avars 4. State formation in central Europe The Pax Romana and the Byzantine Empire Greater Moravia Saints Constantine/Cyril and Methodius Christianity becomes our religion Contents Who among the East Slavs first received Christianity? The Magyars and Hungary Historical memory and political reality The rise of Poland Kievan Rus' The Great Debate: the origin of Rus' 5. Carpathian Rus' until the early 16th century The formation of the Hungarian Kingdom A medieval Carpatho-Rusyn state: fact or fiction? The Mongol invasion and the restructuring of Hungary The Vlach colonization Kings, nobles, and the implementation of serfdom Poland: administrative and socioeconomic structure The fall of Constantinople and the decline of Orthodoxy 6. The Reformation, the Counter-Reformation, and Carpathian Rus' The Ottoman Empire in central Europe The Protestant Reformation The Catholic Counter -Reformation Poland and church union Transylvania and church union in Hungary The Union of Uzhhorod Uniates/Greek Catholics: A new church or a return to the old? 7. The Habsburg restoration in Carpathian Rus' Rákóczi's War of Liberation Habsburg Austria's transformation of Carpathian Rus' The Bachka-Srem Vojvodinian Rusyns Poland and Galicia's Lemko Region 8. Habsburg reforms and their impact on Carpatho-Rusyns The reforms of Maria Theresa and Joseph II Uniate/Greek Catholics and the Enlightenment in Carpathian Rus' Carpatho-Rusyns become an historical people 9. The Revolution of 1848 and the Carpatho-Rusyn national awakening The multicultural Austrian Empire Kakania's emperors and kings What is nationalism and what are national movements? Nationalism in Hungary From inferiority to superiority: the transformation of a dangerous complex Revolution in the Austrian lands and Hungary The Carpatho-Rusyn national awakening: politics The first Carpatho-Rusyn political program The Carpatho-Rusyn national awakening: culture Did Carpatho-Rusyns really love the Russians?1 0. Carpathian Rus' in Austria-Hungary, 1868-1914 The Dual Monarchy and Austrian parliamentarism In search of a Rus' national identity The national awakening in the Lemko Region Hungary and its magyarization policies Magyarization despite the letter of the law Carpatho-Rusyns in Hungarian politics Carpatho-Rusyns and national survival Socioeconomic developments Was life in pre-World War I Carpathian Rus' so destitute? 11. Carpatho-Rusyn diasporas before World War I Migration to the Srem, Banat, and Bachka Emigration abroad to the United States Rusyn-American religious and secular organizations Rejected Greek Catholics and the return to Orthodoxy You are not a proper priest Ruthenians become Uhro (Hungarian)-Rusyns, or Russians, or Ukrainians Rusyn Americans and international politics 12. Carpathian Rus' during World War I, 1914-1918 The end of ....

"Paul Robert Magocsi, a well-known author on Ukrainian History and a self-identified Rusyn, authored With Their Backs to the Mountains not only to fill a lacuna in knowledge among specialists and genealogical researchers, but also to advocate for the distinctiveness (and, indeed, existence) of an ethno-national group still struggling for recognition at home and abroad. The comprehensive book includes a wealth of illustrations, maps, and text capsules, which address thematic issues outside the immediate chronological narrative, and Magocsi’s text is certain to become the definitive reference guide to the Carpatho-Rusyns."

Paul Robert Magocsi is professor of history and political science at the University of Toronto, where since 1980 he also holds the John Yaremko Chair of Ukrainian Studies.

• List of Maps, List of Tables, Introduction, Chapters 1. Carpatho-Rusyns and the land of Carpathian Rus' Human geography No shortage of names Physical geography A borderland of borders 2. Carpathian Rus' in prehistoric times Earliest human settlements The Iron Age and the Celts Early peoples in Carpathian Rus' The Roman Empire and the Dacians 3. The Slavs and their arrival in the Carpathians The Huns and the displacement of peoples The origin-of-peoples fetish Is DNA the reliable way? The Slavs and Carpathian Rus' Dwellings of the early Slavs The White Croats and the Avars 4. State formation in central Europe The Pax Romana and the Byzantine Empire Greater Moravia Saints Constantine/Cyril and Methodius Christianity becomes our religion Contents Who among the East Slavs first received Christianity? The Magyars and Hungary Historical memory and political reality The rise of Poland Kievan Rus' The Great Debate: the origin of Rus' 5. Carpathian Rus' until the early 16th century The formation of the Hungarian Kingdom A medieval Carpatho-Rusyn state: fact or fiction? The Mongol invasion and the restructuring of Hungary The Vlach colonization Kings, nobles, and the implementation of serfdom Poland: administrative and socioeconomic structure The fall of Constantinople and the decline of Orthodoxy 6. The Reformation, the Counter-Reformation, and Carpathian Rus' The Ottoman Empire in central Europe The Protestant Reformation The Catholic Counter -Reformation Poland and church union Transylvania and church union in Hungary The Union of Uzhhorod Uniates/Greek Catholics: A new church or a return to the old? 7. The Habsburg restoration in Carpathian Rus' Rákóczi's War of Liberation Habsburg Austria's transformation of Carpathian Rus' The Bachka-Srem Vojvodinian Rusyns Poland and Galicia's Lemko Region 8. Habsburg reforms and their impact on Carpatho-Rusyns The reforms of Maria Theresa and Joseph II Uniate/Greek Catholics and the Enlightenment in Carpathian Rus' Carpatho-Rusyns become an historical people 9. The Revolution of 1848 and the Carpatho-Rusyn national awakening The multicultural Austrian Empire Kakania's emperors and kings What is nationalism and what are national movements? Nationalism in Hungary From inferiority to superiority: the transformation of a dangerous complex Revolution in the Austrian lands and Hungary The Carpatho-Rusyn national awakening: politics The first Carpatho-Rusyn political program The Carpatho-Rusyn national awakening: culture Did Carpatho-Rusyns really love the Russians?1 0. Carpathian Rus' in Austria-Hungary, 1868-1914 The Dual Monarchy and Austrian parliamentarism In search of a Rus' national identity The national awakening in the Lemko Region Hungary and its magyarization policies Magyarization despite the letter of the law Carpatho-Rusyns in Hungarian politics Carpatho-Rusyns and national survival Socioeconomic developments Was life in pre-World War I Carpathian Rus' so destitute? 11. Carpatho-Rusyn diasporas before World War I Migration to the Srem, Banat, and Bachka Emigration abroad to the United States Rusyn-American religious and secular organizations Rejected Greek Catholics and the return to Orthodoxy You are not a proper priest Ruthenians become Uhro (Hungarian)-Rusyns, or Russians, or Ukrainians Rusyn Americans and international politics 12. Carpathian Rus' during World War I, 1914-1918 The end of ....

"Paul Robert Magocsi, a well-known author on Ukrainian History and a self-identified Rusyn, authored With Their Backs to the Mountains not only to fill a lacuna in knowledge among specialists and genealogical researchers, but also to advocate for the distinctiveness (and, indeed, existence) of an ethno-national group still struggling for recognition at home and abroad. The comprehensive book includes a wealth of illustrations, maps, and text capsules, which address thematic issues outside the immediate chronological narrative, and Magocsi’s text is certain to become the definitive reference guide to the Carpatho-Rusyns."

Paul Robert Magocsi is professor of history and political science at the University of Toronto, where since 1980 he also holds the John Yaremko Chair of Ukrainian Studies.

• List of Maps, List of Tables, Introduction, Chapters 1. Carpatho-Rusyns and the land of Carpathian Rus' Human geography No shortage of names Physical geography A borderland of borders 2. Carpathian Rus' in prehistoric times Earliest human settlements The Iron Age and the Celts Early peoples in Carpathian Rus' The Roman Empire and the Dacians 3. The Slavs and their arrival in the Carpathians The Huns and the displacement of peoples The origin-of-peoples fetish Is DNA the reliable way? The Slavs and Carpathian Rus' Dwellings of the early Slavs The White Croats and the Avars 4. State formation in central Europe The Pax Romana and the Byzantine Empire Greater Moravia Saints Constantine/Cyril and Methodius Christianity becomes our religion Contents Who among the East Slavs first received Christianity? The Magyars and Hungary Historical memory and political reality The rise of Poland Kievan Rus' The Great Debate: the origin of Rus' 5. Carpathian Rus' until the early 16th century The formation of the Hungarian Kingdom A medieval Carpatho-Rusyn state: fact or fiction? The Mongol invasion and the restructuring of Hungary The Vlach colonization Kings, nobles, and the implementation of serfdom Poland: administrative and socioeconomic structure The fall of Constantinople and the decline of Orthodoxy 6. The Reformation, the Counter-Reformation, and Carpathian Rus' The Ottoman Empire in central Europe The Protestant Reformation The Catholic Counter -Reformation Poland and church union Transylvania and church union in Hungary The Union of Uzhhorod Uniates/Greek Catholics: A new church or a return to the old? 7. The Habsburg restoration in Carpathian Rus' Rákóczi's War of Liberation Habsburg Austria's transformation of Carpathian Rus' The Bachka-Srem Vojvodinian Rusyns Poland and Galicia's Lemko Region 8. Habsburg reforms and their impact on Carpatho-Rusyns The reforms of Maria Theresa and Joseph II Uniate/Greek Catholics and the Enlightenment in Carpathian Rus' Carpatho-Rusyns become an historical people 9. The Revolution of 1848 and the Carpatho-Rusyn national awakening The multicultural Austrian Empire Kakania's emperors and kings What is nationalism and what are national movements? Nationalism in Hungary From inferiority to superiority: the transformation of a dangerous complex Revolution in the Austrian lands and Hungary The Carpatho-Rusyn national awakening: politics The first Carpatho-Rusyn political program The Carpatho-Rusyn national awakening: culture Did Carpatho-Rusyns really love the Russians?1 0. Carpathian Rus' in Austria-Hungary, 1868-1914 The Dual Monarchy and Austrian parliamentarism In search of a Rus' national identity The national awakening in the Lemko Region Hungary and its magyarization policies Magyarization despite the letter of the law Carpatho-Rusyns in Hungarian politics Carpatho-Rusyns and national survival Socioeconomic developments Was life in pre-World War I Carpathian Rus' so destitute? 11. Carpatho-Rusyn diasporas before World War I Migration to the Srem, Banat, and Bachka Emigration abroad to the United States Rusyn-American religious and secular organizations Rejected Greek Catholics and the return to Orthodoxy You are not a proper priest Ruthenians become Uhro (Hungarian)-Rusyns, or Russians, or Ukrainians Rusyn Americans and international politics 12. Carpathian Rus' during World War I, 1914-1918 The end of ....

"Paul Robert Magocsi, a well-known author on Ukrainian History and a self-identified Rusyn, authored With Their Backs to the Mountains not only to fill a lacuna in knowledge among specialists and genealogical researchers, but also to advocate for the distinctiveness (and, indeed, existence) of an ethno-national group still struggling for recognition at home and abroad. The comprehensive book includes a wealth of illustrations, maps, and text capsules, which address thematic issues outside the immediate chronological narrative, and Magocsi’s text is certain to become the definitive reference guide to the Carpatho-Rusyns."