Wireless Personal Area Networks

Dr. Jelena V. Misic, University of Manitoba, CanadaAn associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Manitoba, Canada, Dr. Misic’s research interests include wireless sensor networks, WPLANs, WLANs, AD-HOC networks, mesh networks, network security and performance evaluation. Misic has won several awards including Best Paper of the Workshop award at the Proc. HWISE 2005 workshop in the IEEE ICPADS 2005 conference, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Misic is also the author of Performance Modeling and Analysis of Bluetooth Networks (crc Press 2005) as well as numerous book chapters and journal papers. Dr. Vojislav B. Misic, University of Manitoba, CanadaDr. Misic is an Associate Professor with Tenure in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Manitoba, Canada with research interests including service based computing, performance analysis of wireless ad-hoc and sensor networks, and software engineering. The co-author of several books in Serbian and Performance Modeling and Analysis of Bluetooth Networks (crc Press 2005), Dr Misic has also contributed chapters to other books and published numerous journal and conference papers.

• About the Series Editors xiList of Figures xiiiList of Tables xviiPreface xixPart I WPANS and 802.15.4 11 Prologue: Wireless Personal Area Networks 31.1 Wireless Ad Hoc Networks 31.2 Design Goals for the MAC Protocol 41.3 Classification of MAC Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks 61.4 Contention-Based MAC Protocols 91.5 New Kinds of Ad Hoc Networks 121.6 Sensor Networks 122 Operation of the IEEE 802.15.4 Network 172.1 Physical Layer Characteristics 172.2 Star Topology and Beacon Enabled Operation 202.3 Slotted CSMA-CA Medium Access 222.4 Acknowledging Successful Transmissions 242.5 Downlink Communication in Beacon Enabled Mode 252.6 Guaranteed Time Slots 282.7 Peer-to-Peer Topology and Non-Beacon Enabled Operation 292.8 Device Functionality and Cluster Formation 312.9 Format of the PHY and MAC frames 35Part II Single-Cluster Networks 393 Cluster with Uplink Traffic 413.1 The System Model – Preliminaries 413.2 Superframe with an Active Period Only 443.3 Superframe with Both Active and Inactive Periods 513.4 Probability Distribution of the Packet Service Time 573.5 Probability Distribution of the Queue Length 593.6 Access Delay 613.7 Performance Results 654 Cluster with Uplink and Downlink Traffic 714.1 The System Model 714.2 Modeling the Behavior of the Medium 844.3 Probability Distribution for the Packet Service Time 864.4 Performance of the Cluster with Bidirectional Traffic 915 MAC Layer Performance Limitations 955.1 Congestion of Packets Deferred to the Next Superframe 955.2 Congestion after the Inactive Period 985.3 Congestion of Uplink Data Requests 995.4 Blocking of Uplink Data and Data Requests 1005.5 Possible Remedies 1026 Activity Management through Bernoulli Scheduling 1116.1 The Need for Activity Management 1116.2 Analysis of Activity Management 1126.3 Analysis of the Impact of MAC and PHY Layers 1166.4 Controlling the Event Sensing Reliability 1216.5 Activity Management Policy 1237 Admission Control Issues 1317.1 The Need for Admission Control 1317.2 Performance under Asymmetric Packet Arrival Rates 1337.3 Calculating the Admission Condition 1357.4 Performance of Admission Control 139Part II Summary and Further Reading 143Part IIIMulti-cluster Networks 1458 Cluster Interconnection with Master-Slave Bridges 1478.1 Analysis of Bridge Operation 1498.2 Markov Chain Model for a Single Node 1588.3 Performance of the Network 1658.4 Network with a Single Source Cluster/Bridge 1668.5 Network with Two Source Clusters/Bridges 1738.6 Modeling the Transmission Medium and Packet Service Times 1799 Equalization of Cluster Lifetimes 1879.1 Modeling the Clusters 1879.2 Distributed Activity Management 1909.3 Energy Consumption in Interconnected Clusters 1949.4 Performance of Activity Management 19810 Cluster Interconnection with Slave-Slave Bridges 20310.1 Operation of the SS Bridge 20510.2 Markov Chain Model for the SS Bridge 21710.3 Markov Chain for Non-Bridge Nodes 22410.4 Performance Evaluation 23010.5 To Acknowledge or Not To Acknowledge: The CSMA-CA Bridge 23110.6 Thou Shalt Not Acknowledge: The GTS Bridge 23410.7 Modeling the Transmission Medium and Packet Service Times 240Part III Summary and Further Reading 251Part IV Security 25311 Security in 802.15.4 Specification 25511.1 Security Services 25611.2 Auxiliary Security Header 25711.3 Securing and Unsecuring Frames 25811.4 Attacks 26012 The Cost of Secure and Reliable Sensing 26512.1 Analytical Model of a Generic Key Update Algorithm 26712.2 Analysis of the Node Buffer 27312.3 Success Probabilities 27612.4 Key Update in a Multi-Cluster Network 27812.5 Cluster Lifetime 28012.6 Evaluation of Lifetimes and Populations 283Part IV Summary and Further Reading 287Appendices 289Appendix A An Overview of ZigBee 291A.1 ZigBee Functionality 291A.2 Device Roles 292A.3 Network Topologies and Routing 293A.4 Security 295Appendix B Probability Generating Functions and Laplace Transforms 301Bibliography 302Index 311