Wiley Blackwell History of Islam

ARMANDO SALVATORE is the Keenan Chair in Interfaith Studies and a Professor of Global Religious Studies (Society and Politics) at the School of Religious Studies, McGill University. ROBERTO TOTTOLI is a Professor of Islamic Studies at the Department of Asian, African, and Mediterranean Studies, University of Naples "L'Orientale." BABAK RAHIMI is an Associate Professor of Communication, Culture, and Religion at the Department of Literature, University of California, San Diego.

• List of Contributors ixPreface xvIntroduction: The Formation and Transformations of the Islamic Ecumene 1Armando Salvatore, Johann P. Arnason, Babak Rahimi, and Roberto TottoliPart I Late Antique Beginnings (to ca. 661) 371 Agrarian, Commercial, and Pastoralist Dynamics in the Pre‐Islamic Irano‐Semitic Civilizational Area 39George Hatke2 Imperial Contests and the Arabs: The World of Late Antiquity on the Eve of Islam 59Isabel Toral‐Niehoff3 Pre‐Islamic Patterns of Social Organization and Cultural Expression in West Central Arabia 77Mohammed A. Bamyeh4 Muhammad’s Movement and Leadership 97Anna Aysȩ AkasoyPart II The High Caliphate (ca. 661–946) 1155 The Trajectory of the High Caliphate: Expansion and Contraction 117Amira K. Bennison6 Developments within the Religious Sciences during the Rise and Decline of Empire 137Devin Stewart7 Shi‘is, Sufis, and Popular Saints 159Ahmet T. Karamustafa8 Contested Fields, Knowledge Mobility, and Discipline Crystallization 177Paul L. HeckPart III The Earlier Middle Period (ca. 946–1258) 1959 Cosmopolitan Expansion and the Fragmentation of Governance 197Amira K. Bennison10 Scholarship, Speculative Thought, and the Consolidation of Sunni Authority 215Bruce Fudge11 Alternative Patterns of Legitimacy: Sunni–Shi‘i Debates on Political Leadership 235Asma Afsaruddin12 The Crystallization and Expansiveness of Sufi Networkswithin the Urban‐Rural‐Nomadic Nexus of the Islamic Ecumene 253Babak Rahimi and Armando SalvatorePart IV The Later Middle Period (ca. 1258–1453) 27313 Pax Mongolica and its Impact on Patterns of Governance 275Michele Bernardini14 Religious Knowledge between Scholarly Conservatism and Commoners’ Agency 291Caterina Bori15 The Consolidation of Sunni and Shi‘i Legitimacies 311Babak Rahimi16 Organizational Patterns and Developments within Sufi Communities 329Devin DeWeesePart V Early Modernity and Civilizational Apogee (ca. 1453–1683) 35117 Early Modern Islamicate Empire: New Forms of Religiopolitical Legitimacy 353Matthew Melvin‐Koushki18 The ‘Ulama’ as Ritual Specialists: Cosmic Knowledge and Political Rituals 377A. Azfar Moin19 New Sociopolitical Formations and the ‘Renaissance’ of Philosophy 393Sajjad Rizvi20 The Apogee and Consolidation of Sufi Teachings and Organizational Forms 413Rachida ChihPart VI Facing the Global Rise of European Power (ca. 1683–1882) 43321 Global Transformations in the ‘Muslim World’: Connections, Crises, and Reforms 435Ali Yaycioglu22 Intellectual Creativity in a Time of Turmoil and Transition 459Ethan L. Menchinger23 Islamicate Knowledge Systems: Circulation, Rationality, and Politics 479Jane H. Murphy24 From Saints and Renewers to Mahdis and Proto‐Nationalists 499John O. VollPart VII Colonial Subjection and Postcolonial Developments (ca. 1882–present) 51925 Struggles for Independence: Colonial and Postcolonial Orders 521SherAli Tareen26 The ‘Ulama’: Challenges, Reforms, and New Patterns of Social Relevance 543Jakob Skovgaard‐Petersen27 The Role of Intellectuals within Late‐Colonial and Postcolonial Public Spheres 561Mohammed A. Bamyeh and Armando Salvatore28 The Sociopolitical Entanglements of Sufism 585Jamal MalikIndex 607