Wild West Frisia

Yvonne F. van Amerongen is a palaeo-ecologist at the archaeological company EARTH in Amersfoort, the Netherlands.

• Acknowledgements Preface 1. The Zhang Lineage and their Hekeng Tulou Settlements 1.1 Hekeng People, the Hakka Newcomers 1.2 The 'Hakka Tulou' and Early Hakka Settlements with no Tulou Buildings 1.3 Limitations to Tulou Site Interpretation 1.4 How Has the Landscape Evolved into its Present Form? 2. Hekeng: a Place Swamped by Regulations 2.1 Modifications to the Existing Built Environment 2006 to 2007 2.2 Hekeng Tulou Buildings as Architectural Exhibits 2.3 The Creation of the Hekeng Tulou Heritage: a Regulated Place 2.4 The Legitimacy of 'Overregulated Places' in the Chinese Land Resource Management Framework: a Broader View 3. Hekeng: a Place of 'Placelessness' 3.1 The Local People's Place and the Represented Place 3.2 Spatial Metabolization and the Creation of Insideness over Time 3.3 Built Environment Metabolism and the Loss of Insideness 3.4 Place Detachment and Heritage Resistance 3.5 Heritage-Making Processes 3.6 A Place of Placelessness 4. Heritage Site: a Place of Cultural Resource Game 4.1 Brand Awareness, Bureaucratic Reciprocity and Land Disputes 4.2 The Game Players, their Bargaining Chips and their Roles 4.3 Heritage Site as a Place of Cultural Resource Game 4.4 Duties, Rights and Compensations in the Heritage Game 5. Suggestions 5.1 Suggestions for Managing the Hekeng Tulou Heritage Site 5.2 Processual Integrity as an Opportunity to Revitalize Hakka Historical Spaces 5.3 Amendments to Laws and Regulations Legitimizing Preservation Land-Use in Rural China 5.4 Agreement on Regulating the Rights and Duties between Tourism Developers and the Local Collective and Individual Stakeholders 5.5 Safeguarding the Heritage in Use 5.6 Amendments to WH Enlisting and Delisting Criteria 5.7 Systemization of Historical Village Management and Cultural Resource Stratification 5.8 Architectural Maintenance Guidance 5.9 A Short Conclusion Appendix Character List Bibliography