Halil Karaveli is a Senior Fellow at the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies Program Joint Center, a US-Swedish think tank, and the editor of the Turkey Analyst. His articles have also appeared in the New York Times, Foreign Affairs and the National Interest. He is the author of Why Turkey is Authoritarian (Pluto, 2018).

• Series PrefaceTimelineList of IllustrationsIntroduction1. A Pattern of Violence2. Kemalism and the Left3. Capitalist Foundation4. How the Right Won the People5. Social Democratic Hope6. Vengeance of the Right7. The Rise of the IslamistsEpilogue: Class, Identity and DemocracyAfterword: Attacking the Kurds - The 'Return' of Kemalism NotesBibliographyIndex

'Wrests us out of the stale narratives of Islam vs. secularism, offering a new way of understanding one of the most important questions in Turkey today: why despite so much democratic promise, its fundamental political structure returns to authoritarianism again and again'

Halil Karaveli is a Senior Fellow at the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies Program Joint Center, a US-Swedish think tank, and the editor of the Turkey Analyst. His articles have also appeared in the New York Times, Foreign Affairs and the National Interest. He is the author of Why Turkey is Authoritarian (Pluto, 2018).

• Series PrefaceTimelineList of IllustrationsIntroduction1. A Pattern of Violence2. Kemalism and the Left3. Capitalist Foundation4. How the Right Won the People5. Social Democratic Hope6. Vengeance of the Right7. The Rise of the IslamistsEpilogue: Class, Identity and DemocracyAfterword: Attacking the Kurds - The 'Return' of Kemalism NotesBibliographyIndex

'Wrests us out of the stale narratives of Islam vs. secularism, offering a new way of understanding one of the most important questions in Turkey today: why despite so much democratic promise, its fundamental political structure returns to authoritarianism again and again'

Halil Karaveli is a Senior Fellow at the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies Program Joint Center, a US-Swedish think tank, and the editor of the Turkey Analyst. His articles have also appeared in the New York Times, Foreign Affairs and the National Interest. He is the author of Why Turkey is Authoritarian (Pluto, 2018).

• Series PrefaceTimelineList of IllustrationsIntroduction1. A Pattern of Violence2. Kemalism and the Left3. Capitalist Foundation4. How the Right Won the People5. Social Democratic Hope6. Vengeance of the Right7. The Rise of the IslamistsEpilogue: Class, Identity and DemocracyAfterword: Attacking the Kurds - The 'Return' of Kemalism NotesBibliographyIndex

'Wrests us out of the stale narratives of Islam vs. secularism, offering a new way of understanding one of the most important questions in Turkey today: why despite so much democratic promise, its fundamental political structure returns to authoritarianism again and again'