Why Secret Intelligence Fails

Michael A. Turner is the Cannon Professor of International Affairs at Alliant International University. He is a fifteen-year veteran of the Central Intelligence Agency, where he worked in various analytical and staff positions. Dr. Turner also served on several rotational assignments on Capitol Hill and at the Department of State and Department of Defense. He has published widely and lectures on national security, intelligence issues, and Aegean and Middle Eastern politics. He lives in San Diego.

• Acknowledgements; Preface; List of Abbreviations; Chapter One - The Uncertainty Principle; What Is Intelligence? Utility of Intelligence; The Intelligence Cycle; The Plan; Chapter Two - Intelligence, American Style; Historical Reflections; The Intelligence Community; The Ineffectual DCI; The New Counterterrorism Focus; Chapter Three - Pitfalls of American Style Intelligence; The Intelligence Ethos; Bureaucratic Pathologies; Communication Problems; Inflection Points; Chapter Four - The Foreign Experience; The British Model; The Israeli Model; The South African Model; The French Model; Points of Comparison; Chapter Five - Requirements And Priorities; Shoddy, Hyped, and False Intelligence; How Is It Done? The Policy Environment; Intelligence Community Dynamics; The Analyst/Collector Environment; Inflection Points; Chapter Six - Perils of Intelligence Collection; Collection Disciplines; ORCON; The Classification System; An Ounce of Prevention; Inflection Points; Chapter Seven - Analytic Snafus; The World of the Analyst; The Estimative Process; Politicized Intelligence; Cognitive Issues; Inflection Points; Chapter Eight - Getting Intelligence to the Right People; Producing Intelligence; Disseminating Intelligence; Using Intelligence; Inflection Points; Chapter Nine - Contributing Factors; Counterintelligence; Covert Action; Inflection Points; Chapter Ten - Toward Smarter Intelligence; The Tragedy of Unrealistic Expectations; Provide Strong leadership With Unity of Command; Refine the Fusion Center Concept; Integrate Domestic with Foreign Intelligence; Promote Total Information Awareness; Improve Analytic Tradecraft; The Future of Warning? Glossary