Glenda-Alicia Leung, Ph.D. (2013), University of Freiburg, is a linguist who is passionate about her professional engagement in the translation and localization industry. She has published articles on Trinidadian English/Creole, including “YouTube Comments as Metalanguage Data on Non-standardized Languages” in Data Analytics in Digital Humanities .Miki Loschky, Ph.D. (2014), Kansas State University, is Instructor of Japanese at that university. Her research interest includes cognitive benefits of bilingualism and its sociolinguistic implications. She has published “From schema-based information to situation models: How can we bridge theories of comprehension and practice?” (2015).

• AcknowledgementsList of Tables and FiguresAcronymsNotes on ContributorsPreface: When Creole and Spanish CollideGlenda-Alicia Leung and Miki Loschkypart 1: Semiotics and Literary Imaginings in Creole Contexts1 Colombian Caribbean: Theory, Criticism and WritingMarcelo José Cabarcas Ortega2 If Signs Could Talk: The Linguistic Landscape of the Archipelago of San Andrés, ColombiaFalcon Restrepo-Ramospart 2: Linguistic Clash and Consequence3 Language Variation, Language Ideologies, and Challenges to Language Development in the Creole-Speaking Communities of San Andrés, Providence, and the Nicaraguan CoastAngela Bartens4 Lexical Transfer from Spanish into Limonese CreoleMarva Spence Sharpe5 Limonese Syllable Structure: Language Innovation in CreolesMarisol Joseph-Haynes, Camille A. Wagner Rodríguez and Yolanda Rivera Castillo6 “Lo que hacen mix es el Kriol y el English”: How Spanish Speakers Reconcile Linguistic Encounters with English and Kriol in BelizeNicté Fuller Medinapart 3: Creole Counter-Clash7 Perceptions on Language, Identity and Culture by Dominicans on St. Thomas, u.s. Virgin IslandsDaniel S. D’Arpa8 Language Attrition in Papiamentu-Jamaican Creole Contact: Revelations of the Determiner PhraseTrecel Messampart 4: Evolving Ethnicities in the Diaspora9 When a Paña Speaks Creole: Crossing Ethnolinguistic BoundariesMonique Schoch Angel10 Afro-Panamanian CreolizationFrancis Njubi Nesbittpart 5: Living Linguistic Identities and Ideologies11 The Multiplex Symbolic Functions of Spanish in Multilingual BelizeBritta Schneider12 Samples of Linguistic Repertoires, Language Shift Patterns and Perceptions of Spanish in Bluefields, NicaraguaKaren López Alonzo13 Generalmente el Criol es empezamos en inglés y terminamos en español: Language Attitudes and Ideologies in Puerto Limón, Costa RicaAshley LaBodaEpilogue: Sisters of the ShellGlenda-Alicia Leung, Felisha Maria and Rhea Ramjohn

Glenda-Alicia Leung, Ph.D. (2013), University of Freiburg, is a linguist who is passionate about her professional engagement in the translation and localization industry. She has published articles on Trinidadian English/Creole, including “YouTube Comments as Metalanguage Data on Non-standardized Languages” in Data Analytics in Digital Humanities .Miki Loschky, Ph.D. (2014), Kansas State University, is Instructor of Japanese at that university. Her research interest includes cognitive benefits of bilingualism and its sociolinguistic implications. She has published “From schema-based information to situation models: How can we bridge theories of comprehension and practice?” (2015).

• AcknowledgementsList of Tables and FiguresAcronymsNotes on ContributorsPreface: When Creole and Spanish CollideGlenda-Alicia Leung and Miki Loschkypart 1: Semiotics and Literary Imaginings in Creole Contexts1 Colombian Caribbean: Theory, Criticism and WritingMarcelo José Cabarcas Ortega2 If Signs Could Talk: The Linguistic Landscape of the Archipelago of San Andrés, ColombiaFalcon Restrepo-Ramospart 2: Linguistic Clash and Consequence3 Language Variation, Language Ideologies, and Challenges to Language Development in the Creole-Speaking Communities of San Andrés, Providence, and the Nicaraguan CoastAngela Bartens4 Lexical Transfer from Spanish into Limonese CreoleMarva Spence Sharpe5 Limonese Syllable Structure: Language Innovation in CreolesMarisol Joseph-Haynes, Camille A. Wagner Rodríguez and Yolanda Rivera Castillo6 “Lo que hacen mix es el Kriol y el English”: How Spanish Speakers Reconcile Linguistic Encounters with English and Kriol in BelizeNicté Fuller Medinapart 3: Creole Counter-Clash7 Perceptions on Language, Identity and Culture by Dominicans on St. Thomas, u.s. Virgin IslandsDaniel S. D’Arpa8 Language Attrition in Papiamentu-Jamaican Creole Contact: Revelations of the Determiner PhraseTrecel Messampart 4: Evolving Ethnicities in the Diaspora9 When a Paña Speaks Creole: Crossing Ethnolinguistic BoundariesMonique Schoch Angel10 Afro-Panamanian CreolizationFrancis Njubi Nesbittpart 5: Living Linguistic Identities and Ideologies11 The Multiplex Symbolic Functions of Spanish in Multilingual BelizeBritta Schneider12 Samples of Linguistic Repertoires, Language Shift Patterns and Perceptions of Spanish in Bluefields, NicaraguaKaren López Alonzo13 Generalmente el Criol es empezamos en inglés y terminamos en español: Language Attitudes and Ideologies in Puerto Limón, Costa RicaAshley LaBodaEpilogue: Sisters of the ShellGlenda-Alicia Leung, Felisha Maria and Rhea Ramjohn

Glenda-Alicia Leung, Ph.D. (2013), University of Freiburg, is a linguist who is passionate about her professional engagement in the translation and localization industry. She has published articles on Trinidadian English/Creole, including “YouTube Comments as Metalanguage Data on Non-standardized Languages” in Data Analytics in Digital Humanities .Miki Loschky, Ph.D. (2014), Kansas State University, is Instructor of Japanese at that university. Her research interest includes cognitive benefits of bilingualism and its sociolinguistic implications. She has published “From schema-based information to situation models: How can we bridge theories of comprehension and practice?” (2015).

• AcknowledgementsList of Tables and FiguresAcronymsNotes on ContributorsPreface: When Creole and Spanish CollideGlenda-Alicia Leung and Miki Loschkypart 1: Semiotics and Literary Imaginings in Creole Contexts1 Colombian Caribbean: Theory, Criticism and WritingMarcelo José Cabarcas Ortega2 If Signs Could Talk: The Linguistic Landscape of the Archipelago of San Andrés, ColombiaFalcon Restrepo-Ramospart 2: Linguistic Clash and Consequence3 Language Variation, Language Ideologies, and Challenges to Language Development in the Creole-Speaking Communities of San Andrés, Providence, and the Nicaraguan CoastAngela Bartens4 Lexical Transfer from Spanish into Limonese CreoleMarva Spence Sharpe5 Limonese Syllable Structure: Language Innovation in CreolesMarisol Joseph-Haynes, Camille A. Wagner Rodríguez and Yolanda Rivera Castillo6 “Lo que hacen mix es el Kriol y el English”: How Spanish Speakers Reconcile Linguistic Encounters with English and Kriol in BelizeNicté Fuller Medinapart 3: Creole Counter-Clash7 Perceptions on Language, Identity and Culture by Dominicans on St. Thomas, u.s. Virgin IslandsDaniel S. D’Arpa8 Language Attrition in Papiamentu-Jamaican Creole Contact: Revelations of the Determiner PhraseTrecel Messampart 4: Evolving Ethnicities in the Diaspora9 When a Paña Speaks Creole: Crossing Ethnolinguistic BoundariesMonique Schoch Angel10 Afro-Panamanian CreolizationFrancis Njubi Nesbittpart 5: Living Linguistic Identities and Ideologies11 The Multiplex Symbolic Functions of Spanish in Multilingual BelizeBritta Schneider12 Samples of Linguistic Repertoires, Language Shift Patterns and Perceptions of Spanish in Bluefields, NicaraguaKaren López Alonzo13 Generalmente el Criol es empezamos en inglés y terminamos en español: Language Attitudes and Ideologies in Puerto Limón, Costa RicaAshley LaBodaEpilogue: Sisters of the ShellGlenda-Alicia Leung, Felisha Maria and Rhea Ramjohn