When a Gesture Was Expected

Alan L. Boegehold, Professor of Classics, teaches Latin and Greek at Brown University. Within recent years he has published Agora 28. The Lawcourts at Athens; Athenian Identity and Civic Ideology, with Adele Scafuro; and In Simple Clothes, translations into English of eleven poems by Constantine Cavafy.

• LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii NOTE TO THE READER xv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xvii Introduction 3 ONE Nonverbal Communication 12 Circumstantial Notices in Literature 12 Illustrations 16 Continuities 20 Generally Understandable 22 Mostly Greek 26 Summary 28 TWO Some Attic Red-Figure Scenes 29 The Vote on the Arms of Achilles 29 Sociabilities 32 Come Here 33 Summary 35 THREE Homer 36 Demonstrative: Homer Iliad 16.844 36 "Incomplete" Conditional Sentence 37 Aposiopesis 38 Gesture for Apodosis 39 Gesture for Protasis 45 Summary 46 FOUR Archaic Poets 48 Archilochus 48 Pindar 50 Summary 52 FIVE Tragedy 53 Aeschylus 54 Sophocles 57 Euripides 63 Summary 66 SIX Aristophanes 67 Quotation and Parody 67 Continuities: Curses! 73 Summary 77 SEVEN Orators 78 Forensic Oratory 78 Deliberative or Display Oratory 79 Alcidamas 80 Antiphon 80 Andocides 83 Lysias 85 Demosthenes 88 Lycurgus 90 The Law Code of Gortyn 91 Summary 93 EIGHT Historians 94 Herodotus 94 Thucydides 99 Xenophon 105 Summary 108 NINE Plato 110 Plato's Characters in Action 110 Summary 125 Conclusion 126 BIBLIOGRAPHY 131 ART INDEX 141 lNDEX LOCORUM 143 GENERAL INDEX 149

"In this nearly organized, well written, and lucid study on non-verbal communication in Archaic and Classical Greek Literature, Professor Alan Boegehold offers interesting and helpful insights into the understanding of passages in both poetry and prose ... "--James J. Clauss, Bryn Mawr Classical Review "There is much to praise in this book. It has an original and creative thesis that provides new insight into some old problems ... Boegehold makes many perceptive and significant observations... This study is an excellent model of how to tease out new meaning from familiar texts."--Gregory S. Aldrete, Classical World