This book contributes to clarify the conditions of jobs with shorter working hours and reckons the potential for increasing part-time employment in Germany. Two crucial obstacles of part-time employment are addressed: Firstly, the wage structure and its implications for labor supply, and secondly, the lack of job offers for part-time employees. The Netherlands - known as the first part-time economy in the world - is used as a benchmark for the German case. The empirical analyses in this book are based on representative household data for Gemany and the Netherlands.