Wearable and Neuronic Antennas for Medical and Wireless Applications

Arun Kumar, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Electronics and Communications at JECRC University, Jaipur, India, having earned his PhD from JECRC University in 2016. He received a SOHA Excellency award from the Society of Hydraulics and Automation Ltd. and is a Bentham ambassador, both in India. He is a member of IEEE and has published more than 42 research papers in scientific and technical journals. He holds one patent and is currently working in 5G waveform techniques, peak power reduction techniques, wearable antennas, and spectrum sensing.Manoj Gupta, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, JECRC University, Jaipur (Rajasthan), India. He earned his doctorate from the University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India. He has over fifteen years of teaching experience and has published many research papers in scientific journals and conferences. He has contributed numerous book chapters to edited volumes and has four patents to his credit. He is the Editor in Chief of the book series “Advances in Antenna, Microwave and Communication Engineering,” from Scrivener Publishing, and he is editor in chief of a book series by another publisher. He has spoken at and been involved in numerous scientific conferences and was the keynote speaker at the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing and at the 2017 International Conferences on Public Health and Medical Sciences in Xi’an, China. He is an editor, associate editor, and reviewer for many international technical journals and has received numerous awards. Mahmoud A. Albreem, PhD, received his BEng degree in electrical engineering from the Islamic University of Gaza, Palestine, in 2008, and his MSc and PhD degrees from the Universiti Sains Malaysia, in 2010 and 2013, respectively. From 2014 to 2016, he was a senior lecturer at the University Malaysia Perlis. He is currently an assistant professor and the Head of Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, A’Sharqiyah University, Oman. He is also a visiting assistant professor with the Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland. His research interest includes signal processing for communication systems and information theory, and he was a recipient of the Nokia Foundation Centennial Grant in 2018. Dac-Binh Ha, PhD, received his BS degree in radio techniques, and his MSc and PhD degrees in communication and information systems from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, in China, in 1997, 2006, and 2009, respectively. He is currently the Dean of Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam. He has over ten years of industry and academic experience, and he was the recipient of the Best Paper Award at the 2014 IEEE International Conference on Computing, Management and Telecommunications. He has published numerous papers in scientific and technical journals and is principal investigator of two projects supported by Vietnam’s National Foundation for Science and Technology Development. Mohit Kumar Sharma is an assistant professor in the Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering while he is pursuing his PhD in 5G communication from JECRC University in India. He is a postgraduate from Malviya National Institute (MNIT) Jaipur in VLSI Design and graduated from university of Rajasthan in electronics & communication engineering, in 2004. He has published numerous papers in related scientific and technical journals.

• Preface xi1 Machine Learning Aided Channel Equalization in Filter Bank Multi-Carrier Communications for 5G 1Ubaid M. Al-Saggaf, Muhammad Moinuddin, Syed Saad Azhar Ali, Syed Sajjad Hussain Rizvi and Muhammad Faisal1.1 Introduction 21.2 Related Literature Review 21.3 System Model 31.4 Existing Methods for Equalization in FBMC 51.4.1 One-Tap Zero Forcing Equalizer 51.4.2 MMSE Block Equalizer 51.5 Proposed Machine Learning-Based FBMC Equalizer 61.6 Results and Discussion 61.7 Summary 7References 82 Implantable Cardio Technologies: A Review of Integrated Low Noise Amplifiers 11P. Vijaya Lakshmi, Sarada Musala and Avireni Srinivasulu2.1 Introduction 122.2 Background on Low Noise Amplifiers 132.2.1 ECG Signal Characteristics 132.2.2 General ECG Readout Amplifier System Architecture and Design Considerations 142.2.3 Low Noise Amplifier Circuit Design 162.2.4 Operational Transconductance Amplifier Circuits Used in LNA Design 182.2.4.1 Typical Telescopic Cascode Amplifier 202.2.4.2 Complementary Input Closed Loop Amplifier 212.2.4.3 Fully Differential Current Reuse OTA 222.2.4.4 Fully Reconfigurable OTA Using Floating Gate Transistors 232.2.4.5 Low Noise OTA with Output Boosting Technique 242.2.4.6 Low Noise Low Power OTA 252.2.4.7 Cross Coupled Load Current Reuse OTA 262.2.4.8 Fully Differential Stacked OTA 272.3 Applications of Low Noise Amplifiers 302.3.1 For Implantable Bio-Sensors 302.3.2 For Measuring and Recording ECG Signal 312.4 Conclusion 31References 313 Detecting COVID-19 Through Lung X-Ray Imaging: An Alternative Using Modified CNN Architecture 37Ahan Chatterjee and Sovik Mukherjee3.1 Introduction 383.2 Literature Review 393.3 Proposed Methodology 403.3.1 Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) 403.3.2 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) 443.3.2.1 General Model of CNN 443.3.2.2 Convolutional Network 453.3.2.3 Pooling Layer 463.3.2.4 Fully Connected Layer 463.3.2.5 Activation Function 463.3.2.6 Calculation of Gradient Descent in CNN Architecture 473.3.3 Proposed Algorithm 493.3.4 Model Architecture 513.4 Results 523.5 Conclusion 54References 554 Wireless Body Area Network Antenna 57Inderpreet Kaur, Hari Kumar Singh and Tejasvini Thakral4.1 Introduction 584.1.1 On Body WBANs 594.1.2 In Body WBANs 614.1.3 Non-Medical Applications for WBAN 624.1.4 Principle of Operation 634.1.4.1 Transmitter 644.1.4.2 Receiver 654.1.5 Design Aspects of WBANs 674.1.6 Hardware Requirements 684.2 Literature Review 704.3 Proposed Work 784.3.1 Geometry of Antenna 784.3.2 Parametric Analysis 794.3.2.1 Effect of Radius of Vias 794.3.2.2 Effect of Length of Feed 804.3.2.3 Effect of Length of Conductive Portion of Ground 804.4 Result 804.5 Conclusion 81References 825 Analysis of RF-DC Rectifier Input Impedance for the Appropriate Design of Matching Network for Wireless RF Energy Harvesters 85Kamini Singh, Sanjeev Yadav, J.K. Deegwal and M.M. Sharma5.1 Introduction 865.1.1 Need and Advantages of Energy Harvesters 865.1.2 RF Energy Sources 875.2 RF Energy Harvesting Processing Block 885.3 Matching Network & RF-DC Rectifier 905.4 Study of Input Impedance of Rectifier 935.5 Conclusion 101Acknowledgment 101References 1016 Secured Schemes for RF Energy Harvesting Mobile Computing Networks with Multiple Antennas Based on NOMA and Access Points Selection 105Van-Truong Truong, Anand Nayyar and Dac-Binh Ha6.1 Introduction 1066.2 System and Channel Models 1086.3 Performance Analysis and Optimization 1176.3.1 Performance Analysis 1176.3.2 Optimization 1216.4 Numerical Results and Discussion 1246.5 Conclusion 128Appendix A 129References 1337 Performance and Stability Analysis of CNTFET SRAM Cell Topologies for Ultra-Low Power Applications 137Hemant Kumar, Subodh Srivastava and Balwinder Singh7.1 Introduction 1387.2 CNTFET Based SRAM Memory Cell 1397.3 Simulation Results and Comparative Performance Analysis 1427.4 Stability Analysis of Proposed SRAM Cells 1527.5 Conclusion 158References 1598 Arrow Shaped Dual-Band Wearable Antenna for ISM Applications 163Mehaboob Mujawar8.1 Introduction 1638.2 Antenna Design 1678.3 Results 1708.4 Analysis of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) 1738.5 Conclusion 175References 1759 Edge-Fed Semicircular Antenna Enabled With Pins and Slots for Wireless Applications 179Mohd Gulman Siddiqui and Anurag Mishra9.1 Introduction 1799.2 Configuration of Proposed Antenna 1809.2.1 Analysis of Notch Loading Antenna 1839.2.2 Analysis of Slots in Antenna 1849.3 Specifications 1869.4 Result and Discussions 1869.5 Conclusion 189References 18910 A Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground for UWB Application 191Suraj Kumar, Arun Kumar, Manoj Gupta, Kanchan Sengar, Mohit Kumar Sharma and Manisha Gupta10.1 Introduction 19210.2 Antenna Design 19510.3 Simulation Results 19710.4 Conclusion 198References 19911 Waveform Optimization in Multi-Carrier Communications for 5G Technology 203Muhammad Moinuddin, Ubaid M. Al-Saggaf and Jawwad Ahmed11.1 Introduction 20411.2 Related Literature Review 20411.3 System Model: OFDM System 20511.4 POPS: A Popular Existing Method for OFDM Waveform Optimization 20711.5 Proposed Method for the Waveform Optimization in OFDM Systems 20911.6 Results and Discussion 21211.7 Summary 212References 21312 Wearable Antennas for Biomedical Applications 217Ajay Kumar Singh Yadav, Mamta Devi Sharma, Namrata Saxena and Ritu Sharma12.1 Introduction 21812.2 Need of Wearable Antennas 21912.3 Design Considerations for Wearable Antenna 22012.4 Materials for Wearable Antenna 22312.4.1 Fabric Materials 22312.4.2 Non Fabric Materials 22512.5 Fabrication Methods for Wearable Antenna 22912.5.1 Stitching and Embroidery 22912.5.2 Screen Printing 23112.5.3 Inkjet Printing 23112.5.4 Chemical Etching 23212.6 Measurements for Wearable Antenna 23412.6.1 Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) 23412.6.2 Performance on Human Body 23512.6.3 The Bending and Crumpling Effects 23612.7 Frequency Bands for Wearable Antenna 23612.8 Applications of Wearable Antenna in Biomedical 23812.9 Conclusion 241References 24113 Received Power Based Jammer Localization Using Unscented Kalman Filtering 249Waleed Aldosari, Muhammad Moinuddin, AbdulahJeza Aljohani and Ubaid M. Al-Saggaf13.1 Introduction 25013.2 Related Work 25113.3 System Model 25213.3.1 Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) 25313.4 Simulation and Results 25513.5 Summary 257References 257Index 259