The AuthorsAlexander Lane specialises in the development of water strategy and planning that acknowledges the interrelationships between water, other natural resources and human interests. As a consultant in the UK and Australia, Alex has advised a diverse range of public bodies and global companies on the preparation and implementation of robust and sustainable approaches to the management of water that deliver not just immediate gains, but also long-term and mutually beneficial outcomes. Michael Norton is an expert in water engineering and management, has contributed to over 100 studies and projects in 20 countries, and was awarded an MBE for his outstanding services to water and international trade. With experience in Europe, Latin America, the Middle East and Asia, Michael's technical interests include water security, water footprint, sustainable wastewater treatment, urban drainage and the water-food-energy system. He now provides consultancy to private sector, public sector, government and non-government organisations on a regional, national and international scale. Sandra Ryan specialises in strategic water resource planning, focusing on finding traditional and alternative solutions in situations where demand for water exceeds the resource available for supply. With a career background in water utility based water resource planning and regulation in the UK, Sandra is transferring these technical principles to clients in the industrial and commercial sectors battling water risks, and national and local governments seeking to build resilience.

• Series Editor Foreword – Challenges in Water Management xiForeword xiiiPreface xvAcknowledgements xviiList of Abbreviations xixUnits and Conversion xxiGlossary xxiiiPart I Setting the Scene 11 Water Resources in the Twenty-First Century 31.1 A Looming Crisis 31.2 Human Interactions with Water in the Biosphere 41.3 An Inspiring Challenge 62 Fundamentals of Water Management 72.1 The Planetary Picture 72.2 Evolution of Water Resource Systems 112.3 Water, Society and the Biosphere 26Part II Stresses and Strains 413 Key Concepts 433.1 Water Fluxes in Space and Time 433.2 Mechanisms of Human Interaction with Water Fluxes 453.3 Water Stress and Water Scarcity 473.4 Virtual Water and the Water Footprint 493.5 Live, Eat, Consume: The Conceptual Framework of Water Stress and Virtual Water 584 Live 634.1 Introduction 634.2 Water and Energy 634.3 Urbanisation 865 Eat 1175.1 The Hidden Water in Food 1185.2 An Increasingly Important Problem 1245.3 How to Respond to the Water/Food Conundrum 1356 Consume 1566.1 Impact of Consumerism on Water Management 1566.2 Water Use in Industry: Which Sectors Use the Most? 1586.3 Water Use in Industry: Which Activities Use the Most? 1616.4 Water Risk: Recognising the Magnitude of the Problem 1706.5 Water Risk: Defining and Quantifying the Risk 1736.6 Managing Risks and Seizing Opportunities: The Path to Maturity 181Part III Existing Water Architecture 1957 Existing Management of Water Resources 1977.1 Governance 1977.2 Structure of Water Management 1987.3 The Role of Policy in Decision Making 2017.4 Types of Policy and their Development 2027.5 The Rise of Decentralisation and Consultation 2097.6 Regulation of Water Management 2107.7 Regulatory Models 2187.8 Regulatory Phases: Unregulated versus Highly Regulated 2197.9 Governance Silos 2237.10 Breaking the Silos and Integrating Water Supply Policy 2247.11 Evolution of Integrated Water Resource Management 2277.12 Traditional Water Planning Responsibilities versus a Corporate-Driven 'Water Risk' Agenda 2317.13 Summary 2318 Ownership and Investment 2378.1 Public versus Private Ownership Models 2378.2 Investment Models and the Economics of Water Management 2418.3 Summary 246Part IV Moving to a New Water Architecture 2499 Challenges and Opportunities 2519.1 A New Water Architecture: An Introduction 2519.2 Challenges 2529.3 Opportunities 2559.4 A Systems Approach to Water Management 26010 Conceptual Integration 26610.1 Societal View of the Value of Water 26710.2 Water as an Under-Valued Resource: The Consequences 26910.3 Moving to Conceptual Integration 27011 Institutional Integration 27311.1 Requirements for Delivering Integrated Solutions 27311.2 The Challenges of Delivering Integrated Solutions 27611.3 The Role of Governments 27711.4 The Importance of Education 28111.5 The Role of Private Organisations 28311.6 The Importance of Knowledge Transfer and the Benefits of the Digital Revolution 28511.7 The Role of Non-Governmental Organisations 28711.8 How to Finance Change 28711.9 Conclusions: Institutional Enablers 28912 Physical Integration 29312.1 The Need for Change 29412.2 Integrating Green and Grey Infrastructure to Slow Down Water 29912.3 The Storage Continuum 30112.4 Creating Hybrid Water Management Systems 30512.5 Circular Systems that Transform 'Wastes' to 'Resources' 30812.6 Conclusions 312References 31313 A Way Forward 31613.1 Conceptual Integration 31613.2 Institutional Integration 31813.3 Physical Integration 31913.4 Summary 320Index 321

"This is a well written book on a subject of ever increasing importance, it seems, at best, very unlikely that water stress will go away anytime soon and is highly recommended. I'm delighted to have it on my shelves and imagine that it might be rather well thumbed in a few years' time." Geoscientist Online

The AuthorsAlexander Lane specialises in the development of water strategy and planning that acknowledges the interrelationships between water, other natural resources and human interests. As a consultant in the UK and Australia, Alex has advised a diverse range of public bodies and global companies on the preparation and implementation of robust and sustainable approaches to the management of water that deliver not just immediate gains, but also long-term and mutually beneficial outcomes. Michael Norton is an expert in water engineering and management, has contributed to over 100 studies and projects in 20 countries, and was awarded an MBE for his outstanding services to water and international trade. With experience in Europe, Latin America, the Middle East and Asia, Michael's technical interests include water security, water footprint, sustainable wastewater treatment, urban drainage and the water-food-energy system. He now provides consultancy to private sector, public sector, government and non-government organisations on a regional, national and international scale. Sandra Ryan specialises in strategic water resource planning, focusing on finding traditional and alternative solutions in situations where demand for water exceeds the resource available for supply. With a career background in water utility based water resource planning and regulation in the UK, Sandra is transferring these technical principles to clients in the industrial and commercial sectors battling water risks, and national and local governments seeking to build resilience.

• Series Editor Foreword – Challenges in Water Management xiForeword xiiiPreface xvAcknowledgements xviiList of Abbreviations xixUnits and Conversion xxiGlossary xxiiiPart I Setting the Scene 11 Water Resources in the Twenty-First Century 31.1 A Looming Crisis 31.2 Human Interactions with Water in the Biosphere 41.3 An Inspiring Challenge 62 Fundamentals of Water Management 72.1 The Planetary Picture 72.2 Evolution of Water Resource Systems 112.3 Water, Society and the Biosphere 26Part II Stresses and Strains 413 Key Concepts 433.1 Water Fluxes in Space and Time 433.2 Mechanisms of Human Interaction with Water Fluxes 453.3 Water Stress and Water Scarcity 473.4 Virtual Water and the Water Footprint 493.5 Live, Eat, Consume: The Conceptual Framework of Water Stress and Virtual Water 584 Live 634.1 Introduction 634.2 Water and Energy 634.3 Urbanisation 865 Eat 1175.1 The Hidden Water in Food 1185.2 An Increasingly Important Problem 1245.3 How to Respond to the Water/Food Conundrum 1356 Consume 1566.1 Impact of Consumerism on Water Management 1566.2 Water Use in Industry: Which Sectors Use the Most? 1586.3 Water Use in Industry: Which Activities Use the Most? 1616.4 Water Risk: Recognising the Magnitude of the Problem 1706.5 Water Risk: Defining and Quantifying the Risk 1736.6 Managing Risks and Seizing Opportunities: The Path to Maturity 181Part III Existing Water Architecture 1957 Existing Management of Water Resources 1977.1 Governance 1977.2 Structure of Water Management 1987.3 The Role of Policy in Decision Making 2017.4 Types of Policy and their Development 2027.5 The Rise of Decentralisation and Consultation 2097.6 Regulation of Water Management 2107.7 Regulatory Models 2187.8 Regulatory Phases: Unregulated versus Highly Regulated 2197.9 Governance Silos 2237.10 Breaking the Silos and Integrating Water Supply Policy 2247.11 Evolution of Integrated Water Resource Management 2277.12 Traditional Water Planning Responsibilities versus a Corporate-Driven 'Water Risk' Agenda 2317.13 Summary 2318 Ownership and Investment 2378.1 Public versus Private Ownership Models 2378.2 Investment Models and the Economics of Water Management 2418.3 Summary 246Part IV Moving to a New Water Architecture 2499 Challenges and Opportunities 2519.1 A New Water Architecture: An Introduction 2519.2 Challenges 2529.3 Opportunities 2559.4 A Systems Approach to Water Management 26010 Conceptual Integration 26610.1 Societal View of the Value of Water 26710.2 Water as an Under-Valued Resource: The Consequences 26910.3 Moving to Conceptual Integration 27011 Institutional Integration 27311.1 Requirements for Delivering Integrated Solutions 27311.2 The Challenges of Delivering Integrated Solutions 27611.3 The Role of Governments 27711.4 The Importance of Education 28111.5 The Role of Private Organisations 28311.6 The Importance of Knowledge Transfer and the Benefits of the Digital Revolution 28511.7 The Role of Non-Governmental Organisations 28711.8 How to Finance Change 28711.9 Conclusions: Institutional Enablers 28912 Physical Integration 29312.1 The Need for Change 29412.2 Integrating Green and Grey Infrastructure to Slow Down Water 29912.3 The Storage Continuum 30112.4 Creating Hybrid Water Management Systems 30512.5 Circular Systems that Transform 'Wastes' to 'Resources' 30812.6 Conclusions 312References 31313 A Way Forward 31613.1 Conceptual Integration 31613.2 Institutional Integration 31813.3 Physical Integration 31913.4 Summary 320Index 321

"This is a well written book on a subject of ever increasing importance, it seems, at best, very unlikely that water stress will go away anytime soon and is highly recommended. I'm delighted to have it on my shelves and imagine that it might be rather well thumbed in a few years' time." Geoscientist Online

The AuthorsAlexander Lane specialises in the development of water strategy and planning that acknowledges the interrelationships between water, other natural resources and human interests. As a consultant in the UK and Australia, Alex has advised a diverse range of public bodies and global companies on the preparation and implementation of robust and sustainable approaches to the management of water that deliver not just immediate gains, but also long-term and mutually beneficial outcomes. Michael Norton is an expert in water engineering and management, has contributed to over 100 studies and projects in 20 countries, and was awarded an MBE for his outstanding services to water and international trade. With experience in Europe, Latin America, the Middle East and Asia, Michael's technical interests include water security, water footprint, sustainable wastewater treatment, urban drainage and the water-food-energy system. He now provides consultancy to private sector, public sector, government and non-government organisations on a regional, national and international scale. Sandra Ryan specialises in strategic water resource planning, focusing on finding traditional and alternative solutions in situations where demand for water exceeds the resource available for supply. With a career background in water utility based water resource planning and regulation in the UK, Sandra is transferring these technical principles to clients in the industrial and commercial sectors battling water risks, and national and local governments seeking to build resilience.

• Series Editor Foreword – Challenges in Water Management xiForeword xiiiPreface xvAcknowledgements xviiList of Abbreviations xixUnits and Conversion xxiGlossary xxiiiPart I Setting the Scene 11 Water Resources in the Twenty-First Century 31.1 A Looming Crisis 31.2 Human Interactions with Water in the Biosphere 41.3 An Inspiring Challenge 62 Fundamentals of Water Management 72.1 The Planetary Picture 72.2 Evolution of Water Resource Systems 112.3 Water, Society and the Biosphere 26Part II Stresses and Strains 413 Key Concepts 433.1 Water Fluxes in Space and Time 433.2 Mechanisms of Human Interaction with Water Fluxes 453.3 Water Stress and Water Scarcity 473.4 Virtual Water and the Water Footprint 493.5 Live, Eat, Consume: The Conceptual Framework of Water Stress and Virtual Water 584 Live 634.1 Introduction 634.2 Water and Energy 634.3 Urbanisation 865 Eat 1175.1 The Hidden Water in Food 1185.2 An Increasingly Important Problem 1245.3 How to Respond to the Water/Food Conundrum 1356 Consume 1566.1 Impact of Consumerism on Water Management 1566.2 Water Use in Industry: Which Sectors Use the Most? 1586.3 Water Use in Industry: Which Activities Use the Most? 1616.4 Water Risk: Recognising the Magnitude of the Problem 1706.5 Water Risk: Defining and Quantifying the Risk 1736.6 Managing Risks and Seizing Opportunities: The Path to Maturity 181Part III Existing Water Architecture 1957 Existing Management of Water Resources 1977.1 Governance 1977.2 Structure of Water Management 1987.3 The Role of Policy in Decision Making 2017.4 Types of Policy and their Development 2027.5 The Rise of Decentralisation and Consultation 2097.6 Regulation of Water Management 2107.7 Regulatory Models 2187.8 Regulatory Phases: Unregulated versus Highly Regulated 2197.9 Governance Silos 2237.10 Breaking the Silos and Integrating Water Supply Policy 2247.11 Evolution of Integrated Water Resource Management 2277.12 Traditional Water Planning Responsibilities versus a Corporate-Driven 'Water Risk' Agenda 2317.13 Summary 2318 Ownership and Investment 2378.1 Public versus Private Ownership Models 2378.2 Investment Models and the Economics of Water Management 2418.3 Summary 246Part IV Moving to a New Water Architecture 2499 Challenges and Opportunities 2519.1 A New Water Architecture: An Introduction 2519.2 Challenges 2529.3 Opportunities 2559.4 A Systems Approach to Water Management 26010 Conceptual Integration 26610.1 Societal View of the Value of Water 26710.2 Water as an Under-Valued Resource: The Consequences 26910.3 Moving to Conceptual Integration 27011 Institutional Integration 27311.1 Requirements for Delivering Integrated Solutions 27311.2 The Challenges of Delivering Integrated Solutions 27611.3 The Role of Governments 27711.4 The Importance of Education 28111.5 The Role of Private Organisations 28311.6 The Importance of Knowledge Transfer and the Benefits of the Digital Revolution 28511.7 The Role of Non-Governmental Organisations 28711.8 How to Finance Change 28711.9 Conclusions: Institutional Enablers 28912 Physical Integration 29312.1 The Need for Change 29412.2 Integrating Green and Grey Infrastructure to Slow Down Water 29912.3 The Storage Continuum 30112.4 Creating Hybrid Water Management Systems 30512.5 Circular Systems that Transform 'Wastes' to 'Resources' 30812.6 Conclusions 312References 31313 A Way Forward 31613.1 Conceptual Integration 31613.2 Institutional Integration 31813.3 Physical Integration 31913.4 Summary 320Index 321

"This is a well written book on a subject of ever increasing importance, it seems, at best, very unlikely that water stress will go away anytime soon and is highly recommended. I'm delighted to have it on my shelves and imagine that it might be rather well thumbed in a few years' time." Geoscientist Online