Waste Biomass to Alternative Fuels

Prakash Kumar Sarangi, PhD is a scientist with a specialization in Microbiology at Central Agricultural University in Imphal, India with over 12 years of research and teaching experience. He has published over 45 research articles in international journals, over 15 book chapters, and over 70 conference proceedings. He has held a leading role as a principal investigator for different research and development projects and served as a reviewer for many international journals. His research is focused on bioprocess engineering, renewable energy, biochemicals, biomaterials, sustainability, and livelihood development.

• Preface xi1 Waste Biomass to Alternative Fuels: An Overview through Different Generations of Biofuels 1Prakash Kumar Sarangi1.1 Introduction 21.1.1 Lignocellulosic Waste Biomass 31.1.2 Generations of Biofuels 41.1.3 Possibilities and Challenges 131.2 Conclusion 15References 152 Pretreatment Methods of Waste Biomass: A Broad Overview 21Prakash Kumar Sarangi2.1 Introduction 212.2 Broad Overview of Pretreatment 232.2.1 Existing Physicochemical Promising Approaches for Pretreating Biomass 262.2.1.1 Physical Pretreatment Approaches 272.2.1.2 Chemical Pretreatment 272.2.1.3 Physicochemical Pretreatment Methods 322.2.1.4 Biological Pretreatment 35References 383 Current Advancements and Challenges for Biomethane Production 45Prakash Kumar Sarangi3.1 Introduction 453.2 Production Methods of Methane 463.3 Production of Biomethane and Biochemistry of Processes 493.3.1 Hydrolysis 503.3.2 Acidogenesis 513.3.3 Acetogenesis 523.3.4 Methanogenesis 533.4 Main Factors Affecting the Biogas Production 563.4.1 Hydraulic Retention Time 563.4.2 Nutrients 573.4.3 pH of Feed Stock 573.4.4 Temperature 583.4.5 Organic Loading Rates 583.4.6 Retention Time 593.4.7 Mixing 593.4.8 Oxygen 593.4.9 Volatile Fatty Acids 593.4.10 Free Ammonia 593.4.11 Biogas Production 603.5 Conclusion 61References 624 Production of Biohydrogen: Process Technologies at a Glance 67Prakash Kumar Sarangi4.1 Introduction 674.2 Applications of Hydrogen 694.3 The Production of Hydrogen 714.4 Biochemistry of Dark Fermentation 744.5 Conclusion 75References 765 Biobutanol as Alternative Fuel: A Brief Outline on Current Advancements 79Prakash Kumar Sarangi5.1 Introduction 795.2 The ABE Fermentation Process 845.3 Challenges and Possible Outcomes in the ABE Fermentation 895.4 Conclusion 91References 926 Biomethanol as a Potential Source for Sustainable Energy 99Prakash Kumar Sarangi6.1 Introduction 996.2 Application of Methanol 1016.3 Production of Biomethanol 1016.4 Conclusion 105References 105About the Author 109Index 111