Visual Inspection Technology in the Hard Disk Drive Industry

Paisarn Muneesawang, PhD, Associate professor in computer engineering,
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.Suchart Yammen, PhD, 
Assistant professor in electrical engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Naresuan University, Phisanulok, Thailand.

• PREFACE xiCHAPTER 1. FEATURE FUSION METHOD FOR RAPID CORROSION DETECTION ON POLE TIPS 1Suchart YAMMEN and Paisarn MUNEESAWANG1.1. Introduction 21.2. Algorithm for corrosion detection 61.2.1. Extraction of top-shield region 61.2.2. Area-based feature 91.2.3. Contour-based feature 131.3. Experimental result 191.3.1. Distribution of corrosion 201.3.2. Performance metric 201.3.3. Robustness 241.4. Conclusion 271.5. Bibliography 28CHAPTER 2. NONLINEAR FILTERING METHOD FOR CORROSION DETECTION ON POLE TIPS 33Paisarn MUNEESAWANG and Suchart YAMMEN2.1. Introduction 332.2. Perpendicular magnetic recording 352.3. Perpendicular magnetic recorder and corrosion 372.3.1. Lubricant layer 382.3.2. Thermal effect results in corrosion 412.3.3. Recording head/slider manufacturing and corrosion 422.4. Length estimator for pole tip 442.5. Nonlinear filtering as a corrosion detector 482.5.1. Median filter techniques 482.5.2. Median „¸-Filter 502.5.3. Corrosion detection procedure 512.6. Application 542.7. Conclusion 622.8. Bibliography 63CHAPTER 3. MICRO DEFECT DETECTION ON AIR-BEARING SURFACE 71Pichate KUNAKORNVONG and Pitikhate SOORAKSA3.1. Introduction 713.2. Air-bearing surface 743.3. Imaging system 753.4. Contamination detection 793.4.1. Texture unit texture spectrum 803.4.2. Graylevel co-occurrence matrix 823.4.3. Principle component analysis 853.4.4. Identification defect 883.5. Conclusion 923.6. Acknowledgment 933.7. Bibliography 93CHAPTER 4. AUTOMATED OPTICAL INSPECTION FOR SOLDER JET BALL JOINT DEFECTS IN THE HEADGIMBAL ASSEMBLY PROCESS 99Jirarat IEAMSAARD and Thanapoom FUANGPIAN4.1. Introduction 994.2. Head gimbal assembly 1014.3. Vertical edge method for inspection of pad burning defect 1024.3.1. Inspection procedure 1034.3.2. Experimental result 1074.4. Detection of solder ball bridging on HGA 1084.4.1. Solder ball bridging defect 1084.4.2. Chain code descriptor-based method 1094.4.3. Morphological template-based method 1124.4.4. Experimental result 1144.5. Detection of missing solders on HGA 1214.5.1. Image acquisition and enhancement 1214.5.2. Clustering of image pixels 1224.5.3. Decision making 1234.5.4. Inspection result 1244.6. Conclusion 1264.7. Bibliography 127CHAPTER 5. ANALYSIS METHODS FOR FAULT DEFORMATION OF SOLDER BUMP ON THE ACTUATOR ARM 131Somporn RUANGSINCHAIWANICH5.1. Introduction 1325.2. Surface tension analysis 1335.2.1. Model analysis 1355.2.2. Simulation 1385.3. Analysis of stress performance at different configurations of solder bump positions 1405.3.1. Analysis model 1445.3.2. Design and analysis using FEM 1455.4. Experimental result 1495.5. Conclusion 1515.6. Bibliography 152CHAPTER 6. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF HARD DISK DRIVE COMPONENTS 155Wimalin LAOSIRITAWORN6.1. Introduction 1556.2. Artificial intelligence tasks in quality control 1576.2.1. Classification and prediction 1576.2.2. Cluster analysis 1596.2.3. Time series analysis 1606.3. AI applications in HDD component quality control 1616.3.1. Multipanel lamination process modeling using ANN 1616.3.2. Control chart pattern recognition with AI in actuator production 1686.3.3. Machine clustering using AI technique 1746.4. Conclusion 1796.5. Bibliography 180CHAPTER 7. BOREHOLE DIAMETER INSPECTION FOR HARD DISK DRIVE PIVOT ARMS USING HOUGH TRANSFORM IN PANORAMA IMAGES 183Sansanee AUEPHANWIRIYAKUL, Patison PALEE, Orathai SUTTIJAK and Nipon THEERA-UMPON7.1. Introduction 1837.2. Panorama image construction 1857.3. Dimension estimation 1897.4. Experiment result 1907.5. Conclusion 1957.6. Acknowledgment 1957.7. Bibliography 195CHAPTER 8. ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE INSPECTION TECHNOLOGIES 199Nattha JINDAPETCH, Kittikhun THONGPULL, Sayan PLONG-NGOOLUAM and Pornchai RAKPONGSIRI8.1. Introduction 1998.2. ESD sensitivity test technologies 2008.2.1. Human body model testing 2018.2.2. Charged device model testing 2028.2.3. Machine model testing 2038.3. Monitoring of ESD prevention equipment 2048.3.1. Grounding and equipotential bonding systems 2058.3.2. Ionization 2068.3.3. Packaging 2098.4. ESD event localization technologies  2118.4.1. EMI locators 2128.4.2. High-speed oscilloscope-based ESD event localization systems 2148.4.3. RFID localization systems 2158.4.4. WSN-based localization systems 2188.4.5. Hybrid localization systems 2208.5. Conclusion 2218.6. Bibliography 221CHAPTER 9. INSPECTION OF STYROFOAM BEADS ON ADAPTER OF HARD DISK DRIVES 225Suchart YAMMEN9.1. Introduction 2259.2. Morphological template-based method 2279.2.1. Image subtraction 2309.2.2. Otsu method 2319.2.3. Morphological operation 2329.2.4. Logical operation 2339.3. Decision model 2339.4. Application 2349.5. Conclusion 2349.6. Bibliography 235CHAPTER 10. INSPECTION OF DEFECT ON MAGNETIC DISK SURFACE AND QUALITY OF THE GLUE DISPENSER ROUTE 237Anan KRUESUBTHAWORN10.1. Introduction 23810.2. Computer vision technologies for scratch detection on media surfaces 23910.3. Inspection of glue dispenser route 25510.4. Conclusion 26010.5. Bibliography 260CHAPTER 11. INSPECTION OF GRANULAR MICROSTRUCTURE OF FEPT FILM IN HEAT-ASSISTED MAGNETIC RECORDING MEDIA 265Paisarn MUNEESAWANG11.1. Introduction 26511.2. Heat-assisted media recording technology 26811.2.1. HAMR 26811.2.2. L10-ordered FePt as HAMR media candidate 26811.2.3. Magnetic nanoparticle 27011.3. Inspection procedure 27211.3.1. Image segmentation 27211.3.2. Separation of overlapping particles 27311.4. Measurement of the size distribution 27511.5. Measurement of dispersion 27811.5.1. Lennard–Jones potential index 27811.5.2. Experimental result 28111.6. Conclusion 28511.7. Bibliography 286LIST OF AUTHORS 291INDEX 295