Veterinary Techniques in Llamas and Alpacas

The authors David E. Anderson, DVM, MS, DACVS, is Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Studies in the College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. Matt Miesner, DVM, MS, DACVIM, is Clinical Professor and Section Head of Livestock Services in the College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Health Center, Kansas State University in Manhattan, Kansas, USA. Meredyth Jones, DVM, MS, DACVIM, is Associate Professor at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University in Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA.

• ContentsPreface xiSection I Behavior and Capture Techniques 11 Behavior and Capture Techniques 3David E. AndersonSection II Physical Restraint and Injection Sites 92 Haltering 11Meredyth L. Jones3 Manual Restraint 14David E. Anderson4 Chute Restraint 21Meredyth L. Jones5 Ear Squeeze (Ear Twitch) 24Meredyth L. Jones6 Injections—Subcutaneous (SC), Intramuscular (IM), Intradermal (ID), Intravenous (IV) 26Meredyth L. JonesSection III Chemical Restraint and Anesthesia 317 Sedation and Tranquilization 33David E. Anderson8 Injectable Anesthesia 37David E. Anderson9 Orotracheal Intubation 41David E. Anderson10 Nasotracheal Intubation 45David E. Anderson11 Percutaneous Tracheal Intubation (Also Referred to as Retrograde Tracheal Intubation) 48Matt D. MiesnerSection IV Catheterization 5312 Vascular Catheterization—Jugular Vein 55Meredyth L. Jones13 Vascular Catheterization—Cephalic Vein 61Meredyth L. Jones14 Vascular Catheterization—Saphenous Vein 63Meredyth L. Jones15 Vascular Catheterization—Lateral Thoracic Vein 65Meredyth L. Jones16 Vascular Catheterization—Auricular Artery and Vein 67Meredyth L. Jones17 Vascular Catheterization—Femoral Artery 69Meredyth L. Jones18 Intramedullary Cannulation of the Femur for Administration of Parenteral Fluids 71David E. Anderson19 Intraperitoneal Cannula for Plasma or Fluid Administration 75David E. Anderson20 Caudal (Sacro-coccygeal) Epidural Anesthesia 78Matt D. Miesner21 Epidural Catheterization 80Matt D. Miesner22 Lumbo-Sacral Epidural Anesthesia 85Matt D. MiesnerSection V Head and Neck 8923 Anatomical Features of the Head and Neck 91David E. Anderson24 Dental Examination and Trimming 95Meredyth L. Jones25 Tooth Extraction—Oral Approach 100David E. Anderson26 Tooth Extraction—Lateral Approach to Premolars and Molars 105David E. Anderson27 Examination of the Ear 110Matt D. MiesnerSection VI Skin 11528 Anatomical Comments on the Skin 117Matt D. Miesner29 Skin Scraping 121Meredyth L. Jones and Patricia Payne30 Skin Biopsy 124Meredyth L. Jones31 Toenail Trimming 128Meredyth L. JonesSection VII Respiratory 13132 Thorax Anatomy and Auscultation 133Matt D. Miesner33 Tracheotomy/Tracheostomy 135Matt D. Miesner34 Field Diagnosis of Choanal Atresia 139David E. Anderson35 Transtracheal Wash 143Matt D. MiesnerSection VIII Abdomen 14736 Anatomical Comments on the Camelid Abdomen 149Matt D. Miesner37 Abdominal Ultrasound 152Matt D. Miesner38 Abdominocentesis 157Matt D. Miesner39 Liver Biopsy 161Meredyth L. Jones40 First Compartment Paracentesis (Rumenocentesis) and Fluid Evaluation 165Meredyth L. Jones41 Intubation of the First Forestomach Compartment (“C1” or “Pseudorumen”) 169David E. Anderson42 Laparotomy—Lateral Approach 173David E. Anderson43 Laparotomy—Ventral Midline 180David E. Anderson44 Laparoscopy 186David E. Anderson45 Creation of Stoma into First Forestomach Compartment (“Rumenostomy”) 191David E. AndersonSection IX Musculoskeletal 19546 Musculoskeletal Anatomy and Ambulation 197David E. Anderson47 Regional Intravenous Drug Perfusion 200Meredyth L. JonesSection X Urinary System 20348 Urinary Tract Examination and Anatomy 205Meredyth L. Jones49 Urethral Catheterization 208Meredyth L. Jones50 Ultrasound of the Urinary System 212Matt D. Miesner51 Cystocentesis 217Meredyth L. JonesSection XI Female Genital Anatomy 22152 Comments Regarding Female Genital Anatomy 223David E. Anderson53 Pregnancy Diagnosis 226David E. Anderson54 Procedure: Vaginoscopy and Uterine Culture 232David E. Anderson55 Teat and Udder Examination 236David E. Anderson56 Mastectomy (Udder Amputation) 239Matt D. Miesner57 Cesarean Section 243David E. Anderson58 Diagnosis and Management of Uterine Torsion 247David E. AndersonSection XII Male Genital Anatomy 25359 Male Genitalia Anatomical Comments and Breeding Behavior and Soundness 255David E. Anderson60 Examination of the Penis and Prepuce 258David E. Anderson61 Examination of Accessory Sex Glands 261David E. Anderson62 Examination of the Scrotum and Testicles 264David E. Anderson63 Semen Collection and Evaluation 267David E. Anderson64 Castration 272Meredyth L. JonesSection XIII Nervous System 27765 Neurological Examination and Anatomy 279Meredyth L. Jones and Matt D. Miesner66 Cerebrospinal Fluid Collection and Interpretation 283Meredyth L. JonesSection XIV Ophthalmology 28767 Eye Exam 289Tracy Miesner and Matt Miesner68 Nasolacrimal Duct Cannulation 293Meredyth L. Jones69 Conjunctivorhinostomy for Alleviation of Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction 295David E. Anderson70 Ocular Extirpation 298David E. Anderson71 Subpalpebral Lavage System 301Tracy Miesner72 Conjunctival Pedicle Graft 305Tracy Miesner and Matt MiesnerSection XV Miscellaneous 30973 Blood Transfusion 311Meredyth L. Jones74 Plasma Transfusion 315Meredyth L. JonesIndex 317