Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Procedures

The authors Timothy B. Hackett, DVM, MS, DACVECC, is the Alexander de Lahunta Chair, Department of Clinical Sciences, and Professor in the Section of Emergency and Critical Care at Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine in Ithaca, New York, USA. Elisa M. Mazzaferro, MS, DVM, PhD, DACVECC, is a Staff Criticalist at Cornell University Veterinary Specialists, a private referral hospital affiliated with Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, located in Stamford, Connecticut, USA.

• Preface ixList of Abbreviations xi1 Vascular Access Techniques 1Introduction 1Peripheral Catheterization 4Introduction 4Supplies Needed 4Indications 4Contraindications 4Central Venous Catheter Placement 11Supplies Needed 11Indications 11Contraindications 11Over- the- Wire Catheters (Seldinger Technique) 12Supplies Needed 12Indications 12Contraindications 12Jugular Central Through- the- Needle Catheter Placement 13Lateral Saphenous Over- the- Wire (Seldinger) Catheter 28Auricular Venous Catheter 36Arterial Catheterization 40Introduction 40Supplies Needed 40Indications 40Contraindications 40Vascular Cutdown 46Introduction 46Supplies Needed 46Indications 46Contraindications 46Intraosseous Catheterization 55Introduction 55Supplies Needed 55Indications 55Contraindications 55Placement of Intraosseous Catheter Placement in the Humerus 61Intraosseous Catheterization Using the Ez- Io Device 65Three Syringe Technique for Blood Sample Collection 69Supplies Needed 69Indications 69Contraindications 69Suggested Reading 722 Respiratory Emergencies: Thoracocentesis Local Anesthesia for Rib Fracture, Management of Open Sucking Chest Wounds, and Thoracostomy Tube Placement 73Emergency Airway Access 73Indications 73Supplies Needed 73Temporary Tracheostomy Tube Placement 77Introduction and Indications 77Supplies Needed 77Contraindications 77Patient Preparation 77Tracheostomy Tube Care 84Thoracocentesis 84Introduction 84Supplies Needed 85Indications 85Caution and Contraindications 85Management of an Open Sucking/Penetrating Chest Wound 95Introduction 95Supplies Needed 95Indications 95Contraindications 95Local Anesthetic Blocks for Rib Fractures or Flail Chest 98Introduction 98Supplies Needed 98Indications 98Contraindications 98Thoracostomy Tube Placement 102Introduction 102Supplies Needed 102Contraindications 103Thoracostomy Tube – Trocar 104Alternate Method of Thoracostomy Tube Placement Without a Trocar 108Thoracostomy Tube Placement Using Over- the- Wire Seldinger Technique 112Supplies Needed 112Suggested Reading 1193 Oxygen Supplementation and Respiratory Sampling Techniques 121Nasal and Nasopharyngeal Oxygen Catheter Placement 121Introduction 121Supplies Needed 121Indications 121Contraindications 122Oxygen Hood 128Introduction 128Supplies Needed 128Indications 128Contraindications 128Transoral Wash 132Introduction 132Supplies Needed 132Indications 132Contraindications 132Limitations 132Suggested Reading 1374 Pericardiocentesis 139Introduction 139Supplies Needed 139Indications 139Contraindications 139Suggested Reading 1475 Nutritional Support and Orogastric Lavage 149Introduction 149Nasoesophageal and Nasogastric Tubes 149Introduction 149Supplies Needed 149Indications 150Contraindications 150Esophagostomy Tubes 157Introduction 157Supplies Needed 157Placement of Esophagostomy Tube Using Introducer 164Orogastric Lavage 167Introduction 167Supplies Needed 167Indications 167Contraindications 167Suggested Reading 1716 Urinary Catheter Placement Urohydropulsion and Temporary Antepubic Cystostomy Catheter Placement 173Urinary Catheter Placement in Male and Female Dogs 173Introduction 173Supplies Needed 173Indications 174Contraindications 174Urethral Catheterization in Male and Female Cats 187Urohydropulsion 195Introduction 195Temporary Antepubic Cystostomy Tube Placement 201Introduction and Indications 201Contraindications 201Supplies Needed 201Suggested Reading 2097 Abdominocentesis and Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage 211Abdominocentesis 211Introduction 211Supplies Needed 211Indications 212Contraindications 212Limitations 212Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage 216Supplies Needed 216Indications 216Contraindications 216Limitations 216Abdominal Drainage Catheter 227Introduction 227Supplies Needed 227Indications 227Contraindications 227Suggested Reading 2348 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 235Introduction 235Supplies Needed 235Indications 236Supplies Needed for a Crash Cart 237Closed- Chest CPR 240Advanced Life Support (ALS) 246Open- Chest CPR 253Indications 253Contraindications 253Supplies Required 253Closing the Thorax After Open- Chest CPR 259Suggested Reading 2619 Continuous Rate Infusions 263Introduction 263Pharmacokinetics 263Calculations 264Suggested Reading 26510 Product Guide and Supplies 267Index 275