Paulina Pietrzak is Assistant Professor of Linguistics and, since 2008, has been affiliated with the University of Łódź, Poland. She completed her Ph.D. on translator education and developing translation competence. She teaches general and LSP translation and interpreting in the Department of Translation Studies. She is a freelance translator and interpreter. Her main research interests include translator training, medical translation, and metacognitive aspects of translator competence development.Michał Kornacki is Assistant Professor of Linguistics, affiliated with the University of Łódź, Poland. A translator and an academic teacher, Michał completed his PhD on translator training in a computer-assisted translation (CAT) environment. He teaches general, computer-assisted and audiovisual translation. Michał’s research focuses on the use of technology in translator training, as well as metacognitive aspects of translator competence development. He is responsible for CAT programme at the Insitute of English Studies, University of Lodz. Since 2017, he is a Certified Trainer of Memsource.

• Table of contentsList of TablesList of FiguresIntroduction1. Contemporary freelance translation marketOverview of the chapter1.1. Freelance translation as a profession1.2. Forms of employment2. Application of technology in the process of translationOverview of the chapter2.1. Typology of translation technology2.1.1. Technology in regular translation2.1.1.1. Word processors2.1.1.2. CAT (computer-assisted translation) tools2.1.1.3. Machine Translation (MT)2.1.1.4. CMS – Content Management Systems2.1.1.5. TMS – Translation Management Systems2.1.1.6. Graphics software2.1.2. Technology in audiovisual translation2.1.2.1. AVT vs AST tools2.1.2.2. Localisation tools2.1.3. Technology in interpreting2.2. Translator-technology (TT) interaction modes2.2.1. Basic TT interaction2.2.2. Extended TT interaction2.2.3. CAT-inclusive TT interaction2.2.4. CAT-based TT interaction2.2.5. Full TT interaction3. Freelance translator profileOverview of the chapter3.1. Freelance translator competence3.2. Users and non-users of CAT tools3.3. Technological toolkit4. Technological evolution in translationOverview of the chapter4.1. Key developments in CAT technology and their effects on the translator’s work4.2. Negative impact of CAT technology on the process and product4.3. Cognitive aspects of TT interaction4.4. Impact of CAT technology and TT interaction on translator’s metacognition4.5. Technology-related anxiety in freelance translation4.5.1. Career anxiety4.5.2. Cognitive friction4.5.3. Technological anxiety5. Current trends in the use of CAT tools in freelance translationOverview of the chapter5.1. The methodology behind the study on CAT users and non-users5.1.1. Aim of the study5.1.2. Tools for data collection and analysis5.1.3. Participants5.1.4. Limitations of the study5.2. Attitudes towards the study5.2.1. Hostile tone: generation gap5.2.2. Humorous tone: what about bridging the gap?5.2.3. Dismissive tone: market-academia gap6. Research findingsOverview of the chapter6.1. Sample characteristics6.2. Usage6.3. Machine Translation6.4. Income6.5. CAT tools evaluation6.6. Reasons for using or not using CAT tools7. DiscussionOverview of the chapter7.1. Analysis of the findings7.2. Reluctance towards CAT technology7.3. Implications for translator training7.4. Implications for translation software developers8. ConclusionReferences

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Paulina Pietrzak is Assistant Professor of Linguistics and, since 2008, has been affiliated with the University of Łódź, Poland. She completed her Ph.D. on translator education and developing translation competence. She teaches general and LSP translation and interpreting in the Department of Translation Studies. She is a freelance translator and interpreter. Her main research interests include translator training, medical translation, and metacognitive aspects of translator competence development.Michał Kornacki is Assistant Professor of Linguistics, affiliated with the University of Łódź, Poland. A translator and an academic teacher, Michał completed his PhD on translator training in a computer-assisted translation (CAT) environment. He teaches general, computer-assisted and audiovisual translation. Michał’s research focuses on the use of technology in translator training, as well as metacognitive aspects of translator competence development. He is responsible for CAT programme at the Insitute of English Studies, University of Lodz. Since 2017, he is a Certified Trainer of Memsource.

• Table of contentsList of TablesList of FiguresIntroduction1. Contemporary freelance translation marketOverview of the chapter1.1. Freelance translation as a profession1.2. Forms of employment2. Application of technology in the process of translationOverview of the chapter2.1. Typology of translation technology2.1.1. Technology in regular translation2.1.1.1. Word processors2.1.1.2. CAT (computer-assisted translation) tools2.1.1.3. Machine Translation (MT)2.1.1.4. CMS – Content Management Systems2.1.1.5. TMS – Translation Management Systems2.1.1.6. Graphics software2.1.2. Technology in audiovisual translation2.1.2.1. AVT vs AST tools2.1.2.2. Localisation tools2.1.3. Technology in interpreting2.2. Translator-technology (TT) interaction modes2.2.1. Basic TT interaction2.2.2. Extended TT interaction2.2.3. CAT-inclusive TT interaction2.2.4. CAT-based TT interaction2.2.5. Full TT interaction3. Freelance translator profileOverview of the chapter3.1. Freelance translator competence3.2. Users and non-users of CAT tools3.3. Technological toolkit4. Technological evolution in translationOverview of the chapter4.1. Key developments in CAT technology and their effects on the translator’s work4.2. Negative impact of CAT technology on the process and product4.3. Cognitive aspects of TT interaction4.4. Impact of CAT technology and TT interaction on translator’s metacognition4.5. Technology-related anxiety in freelance translation4.5.1. Career anxiety4.5.2. Cognitive friction4.5.3. Technological anxiety5. Current trends in the use of CAT tools in freelance translationOverview of the chapter5.1. The methodology behind the study on CAT users and non-users5.1.1. Aim of the study5.1.2. Tools for data collection and analysis5.1.3. Participants5.1.4. Limitations of the study5.2. Attitudes towards the study5.2.1. Hostile tone: generation gap5.2.2. Humorous tone: what about bridging the gap?5.2.3. Dismissive tone: market-academia gap6. Research findingsOverview of the chapter6.1. Sample characteristics6.2. Usage6.3. Machine Translation6.4. Income6.5. CAT tools evaluation6.6. Reasons for using or not using CAT tools7. DiscussionOverview of the chapter7.1. Analysis of the findings7.2. Reluctance towards CAT technology7.3. Implications for translator training7.4. Implications for translation software developers8. ConclusionReferences

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Paulina Pietrzak is Assistant Professor of Linguistics and, since 2008, has been affiliated with the University of Łódź, Poland. She completed her Ph.D. on translator education and developing translation competence. She teaches general and LSP translation and interpreting in the Department of Translation Studies. She is a freelance translator and interpreter. Her main research interests include translator training, medical translation, and metacognitive aspects of translator competence development.Michał Kornacki is Assistant Professor of Linguistics, affiliated with the University of Łódź, Poland. A translator and an academic teacher, Michał completed his PhD on translator training in a computer-assisted translation (CAT) environment. He teaches general, computer-assisted and audiovisual translation. Michał’s research focuses on the use of technology in translator training, as well as metacognitive aspects of translator competence development. He is responsible for CAT programme at the Insitute of English Studies, University of Lodz. Since 2017, he is a Certified Trainer of Memsource.

• Table of contentsList of TablesList of FiguresIntroduction1. Contemporary freelance translation marketOverview of the chapter1.1. Freelance translation as a profession1.2. Forms of employment2. Application of technology in the process of translationOverview of the chapter2.1. Typology of translation technology2.1.1. Technology in regular translation2.1.1.1. Word processors2.1.1.2. CAT (computer-assisted translation) tools2.1.1.3. Machine Translation (MT)2.1.1.4. CMS – Content Management Systems2.1.1.5. TMS – Translation Management Systems2.1.1.6. Graphics software2.1.2. Technology in audiovisual translation2.1.2.1. AVT vs AST tools2.1.2.2. Localisation tools2.1.3. Technology in interpreting2.2. Translator-technology (TT) interaction modes2.2.1. Basic TT interaction2.2.2. Extended TT interaction2.2.3. CAT-inclusive TT interaction2.2.4. CAT-based TT interaction2.2.5. Full TT interaction3. Freelance translator profileOverview of the chapter3.1. Freelance translator competence3.2. Users and non-users of CAT tools3.3. Technological toolkit4. Technological evolution in translationOverview of the chapter4.1. Key developments in CAT technology and their effects on the translator’s work4.2. Negative impact of CAT technology on the process and product4.3. Cognitive aspects of TT interaction4.4. Impact of CAT technology and TT interaction on translator’s metacognition4.5. Technology-related anxiety in freelance translation4.5.1. Career anxiety4.5.2. Cognitive friction4.5.3. Technological anxiety5. Current trends in the use of CAT tools in freelance translationOverview of the chapter5.1. The methodology behind the study on CAT users and non-users5.1.1. Aim of the study5.1.2. Tools for data collection and analysis5.1.3. Participants5.1.4. Limitations of the study5.2. Attitudes towards the study5.2.1. Hostile tone: generation gap5.2.2. Humorous tone: what about bridging the gap?5.2.3. Dismissive tone: market-academia gap6. Research findingsOverview of the chapter6.1. Sample characteristics6.2. Usage6.3. Machine Translation6.4. Income6.5. CAT tools evaluation6.6. Reasons for using or not using CAT tools7. DiscussionOverview of the chapter7.1. Analysis of the findings7.2. Reluctance towards CAT technology7.3. Implications for translator training7.4. Implications for translation software developers8. ConclusionReferences

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