Urology

Amir Kaisary, Consultant Urological Surgeon, The Royal Free Hospital, London, UK. Andrew Ballaro, Consultant Urological Surgeon, Barking, Havering and Redbridge NHS Trust, London, UK. Katharine Pigott, Consultant Clinical Oncologist, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.

• Preface viAcknowledgements viiPart 1 Meet the patient1 Assessment of the urological patient: History and examination 32 Assessment of the urological patient: Urinalysis_and imaging 17Part 2 The kidneys and adrenal gland3 The kidney: Embryology, developmental errors and cystic disease 334 Kidney trauma 455 Kidney infections and inflammation 506 Urinary tract calculi 587 Kidney neoplasms 738 The renal pelvis and ureter 929 The adrenal gland 110Part 3 The bladder and urethra10 The bladder: Structure, function and investigations 11711 Bladder infections and inflammation 12812 Disorders of bladder function 13413 Bladder cancer 150Part 4 The prostate gland14 Benign disorders of the prostate gland 16915 Prostate cancer 185Part 5 Male genitalia16 The urethra 20917 The penis 22818 The testicle 24519 Male infertility 270Part 6 Additional therapeutic modalities20 Radiotherapy 28121 Minimally invasive urology 285Appendix A: ECOG performance status 294Appendix B: TNM classification of malignant tumours 295Appendix C: Response evaluation criteria in solid tumours 297Appendix D: The Clavien–Dindo classification of surgical complications 300Appendix E: Adverse effects of cancer treatment 302Appendix F: Urinary catheters 303Appendix G: Evidence_based medicine 308Multiple choice questions 309Answers 315Index 321