Unlearning the Language of Conquest

Four Arrows (Wahinkpe Topa), also known as Don Trent Jacobs, is a Professor in Fielding Graduate University’s College of Educational Leadership and Change and an Associate Professor in Northern Arizona University’s Educational Leadership Department. Of Cherokee, Creek, and Scots-Irish ancestry, he holds a doctorate from Boise State University focused on indigenous worldviews. Jacobs was Dean of Education at Oglala Lakota College on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation and is a Lakota Sun Dancer. Recipient of the Martin Springer Institute for Holocaust Studies Moral Courage Award in 2004, Jacobs currently lives in Mexico, where he works as an activist in behalf of the Seri people.

• Editor's Note on Chief Seathl's Speech Acknowledgments Prologue: Red Road, Red Lake-Red Flag! (by Four Arrows) Introduction (by Four Arrows) 1. Happiness and Indigenous Wisdom in the History of the Americas (by Frank Bracho) 2. Adventures in Denial: Ideological Resistance to the Idea That the Iroquois Helped Shape American Democracy (by Bruce E. Johansen) 3. Burning Down the House: Laura Ingalls Wilder and American Colonialism (by Waziyatawin Angela Cavender Wilson) 4. (Post) Colonial Plainsongs: Toward Native Literary Worldings (by Jodi A. Byrd) 5. Conquest Masquerading as Law (by Vine Deloria Jr.) 6. Traditional Native Justice: Restoration and Balance, Not "Punishment" (by Rudy Al James [ThlauGooYailthThlee-The First and Oldest Raven]) 7. Where Are Your Women? Missing in Action (by Barbara Alice Mann) 8. Peaceful versus Warlike Societies in Pre-Columbian America: What Do Archaeology and Anthropology Tell Us? (by James DeMeo) 9. Ecological Evidence of Large-scale Silviculture by California Indians (by Lee Klinger) 10. Preserving the Whole: Principles of Sustainability in Mi'kmaw Forms of Communication (by Trudy Sable) 11. The Language of Conquest and the Loss of the Commons (by Chet Bowers) 12. Overcoming Hegemony in Native Studies Programs (by Devon A. Mihesuah) 13. The Question of Whitewashing in American History and Social Science (by David N. Gibbs) 14. Before Predator Came: A Plea for Expanding First Nations Scholarship as European Shadow Work (by David Gabbard) 15. Roy Rogers, Twin Heroes, and the Christian Doctrine of Exclusive Salvation (by Four Arrows) 16. Western Science and the Loss of Natural Creativity (by Gregory Cajete) 17. On the Very Idea of "A Worldview" and of "Alternative Worldviews" (by Bruce Wilshire) Epilogue (by Four Arrows) Appendix: Essays from The Encyclopedia of American Indian History (by Four Arrows) "The Myth of the Noble Savage" "Indian Education and Social Control" "American Indian Worldviews and Values" Index