Dong Hwa Heo, MD. PhD Department of Neurosurgery, Endoscopic spine surgery center, Seoul Bumin Hospital, South Korea  Cheol Woong Park, MD. PhD. Department of Neurosurgery, Spine center, Daejeon Woori Hospital, South Korea  Sang Kyu Son, MD. Department of Neurosurgery, Spine center, Parkweonwook Hospital, South Korea Jin Hwa Eum, MD. PhD Department of Neurosurgery, Spine center, Burjeel Royal Hospital , UAE

• 1. Introduction of UBE.- (1) History.- (2) Basic concept.- (3) Instruments and setting.- 2. Lumbar disc herniation treated by UBE.- (1) Central and paracentral HNP.- (2) Foraminal and extraforaminal HNP.- (3) Contralateral approach.- (4) Recurred disc herniation.- 3. Lumbar stenosis treated by UBE.- (1) Central or lateral recess stenosis.- (2) Contralateral approach.- (3) Foraminal stenosis.- (4) Far out syndrome.- 4. Lumbar interbody fusion by UBE.- (1) Usual TLIF.- (2) Ex TLIF.- (3) Fusion extension.- (4) Hybrid fusion surgery.- 5. Cervical and thoracic lesion by UBE.- (1) cervical posterior foraminotomy.- (2) cervical laminectomy.- (3) Thoracic discectomy.- (4) Thoracic laminecotmy.

Dong Hwa Heo, MD. PhD Department of Neurosurgery, Endoscopic spine surgery center, Seoul Bumin Hospital, South Korea  Cheol Woong Park, MD. PhD. Department of Neurosurgery, Spine center, Daejeon Woori Hospital, South Korea  Sang Kyu Son, MD. Department of Neurosurgery, Spine center, Parkweonwook Hospital, South Korea Jin Hwa Eum, MD. PhD Department of Neurosurgery, Spine center, Burjeel Royal Hospital , UAE

• 1. Introduction of UBE.- (1) History.- (2) Basic concept.- (3) Instruments and setting.- 2. Lumbar disc herniation treated by UBE.- (1) Central and paracentral HNP.- (2) Foraminal and extraforaminal HNP.- (3) Contralateral approach.- (4) Recurred disc herniation.- 3. Lumbar stenosis treated by UBE.- (1) Central or lateral recess stenosis.- (2) Contralateral approach.- (3) Foraminal stenosis.- (4) Far out syndrome.- 4. Lumbar interbody fusion by UBE.- (1) Usual TLIF.- (2) Ex TLIF.- (3) Fusion extension.- (4) Hybrid fusion surgery.- 5. Cervical and thoracic lesion by UBE.- (1) cervical posterior foraminotomy.- (2) cervical laminectomy.- (3) Thoracic discectomy.- (4) Thoracic laminecotmy.

Dong Hwa Heo, MD. PhD Department of Neurosurgery, Endoscopic spine surgery center, Seoul Bumin Hospital, South Korea  Cheol Woong Park, MD. PhD. Department of Neurosurgery, Spine center, Daejeon Woori Hospital, South Korea  Sang Kyu Son, MD. Department of Neurosurgery, Spine center, Parkweonwook Hospital, South Korea Jin Hwa Eum, MD. PhD Department of Neurosurgery, Spine center, Burjeel Royal Hospital , UAE

• 1. Introduction of UBE.- (1) History.- (2) Basic concept.- (3) Instruments and setting.- 2. Lumbar disc herniation treated by UBE.- (1) Central and paracentral HNP.- (2) Foraminal and extraforaminal HNP.- (3) Contralateral approach.- (4) Recurred disc herniation.- 3. Lumbar stenosis treated by UBE.- (1) Central or lateral recess stenosis.- (2) Contralateral approach.- (3) Foraminal stenosis.- (4) Far out syndrome.- 4. Lumbar interbody fusion by UBE.- (1) Usual TLIF.- (2) Ex TLIF.- (3) Fusion extension.- (4) Hybrid fusion surgery.- 5. Cervical and thoracic lesion by UBE.- (1) cervical posterior foraminotomy.- (2) cervical laminectomy.- (3) Thoracic discectomy.- (4) Thoracic laminecotmy.