Howard Lune is Associate Professor of Sociology and the Director of the Applied Social Research Program at Hunter College, CUNY.

• List of Figures and Tables viiAcknowledgments viii1 Introducing Organizations 1What is an organization? 1The organizational society 8Key Readings 172 Classic Theories of Organizations 19Weber – bureaucracy and beyond 20Durkheim and the division of labor in society 28Karl Marx and the spirit of capitalism 32Conclusions 37Key Readings 383 Management and Administration 40How work works 41Rational systems – Fayol, Ford, Taylor 42Organizations as human systems 54Key Readings 604 Culture in Organizations 61What workers want 63The TVA and the hearts of men 67What workers feel 69Bureaucracy as a culture 71Organizational cultures at work 76Culture shift 78Dress for success 81Conclusions 82Key Readings 835 Organizational Dysfunctions 85Everyday dysfunction 86Built-in failures 96Disasters 99Key Readings 1046 Organizations and Environments 105Defi nitions and assumptions 105Relations among organizations 111The neo-institutional model 125Key Readings 1317 The Non- profi t Sector 132Defining the non-profit sector 133Why is there a non-profit sector? 135How are NPOs different? 140Commerce and community at an arts organization 144The three sectors intersect 145Key Readings 1538 Organizing for Social Change 154Community-based non-profits and the state 155Social change organizations 161Key Readings 1719 What's Next for the Sociology of Organizations? 173Which way is forward? 173Organizations are at the heart of sociology 187Now that you know this . . . 191Glossary 193References 198Index 211

"Organizations structure our daily lives, but few of us recognize their powerful influence. In this book, Lune offers a clear and accessible introduction to organization studies. With its mix of classical theory, contemporary research, and vivid real-life examples, Understanding Organizations will enlighten students and professionals alike. Read this book to unlock the mysteries of complex organizations."—Christine Williams, University of Texas at Austin"Understanding Organizations is the most comprehensive, historical, and accessible treatment of the social science of organizations available now. It asks insightful questions, provides theoretically informed answers, will inspire students to study organizations and lay readers to critically evaluate the organizations surrounding us."—Kevin T. Leicht, University of Iowa

Howard Lune is Associate Professor of Sociology and the Director of the Applied Social Research Program at Hunter College, CUNY.

• List of Figures and Tables viiAcknowledgments viii1 Introducing Organizations 1What is an organization? 1The organizational society 8Key Readings 172 Classic Theories of Organizations 19Weber – bureaucracy and beyond 20Durkheim and the division of labor in society 28Karl Marx and the spirit of capitalism 32Conclusions 37Key Readings 383 Management and Administration 40How work works 41Rational systems – Fayol, Ford, Taylor 42Organizations as human systems 54Key Readings 604 Culture in Organizations 61What workers want 63The TVA and the hearts of men 67What workers feel 69Bureaucracy as a culture 71Organizational cultures at work 76Culture shift 78Dress for success 81Conclusions 82Key Readings 835 Organizational Dysfunctions 85Everyday dysfunction 86Built-in failures 96Disasters 99Key Readings 1046 Organizations and Environments 105Defi nitions and assumptions 105Relations among organizations 111The neo-institutional model 125Key Readings 1317 The Non- profi t Sector 132Defining the non-profit sector 133Why is there a non-profit sector? 135How are NPOs different? 140Commerce and community at an arts organization 144The three sectors intersect 145Key Readings 1538 Organizing for Social Change 154Community-based non-profits and the state 155Social change organizations 161Key Readings 1719 What's Next for the Sociology of Organizations? 173Which way is forward? 173Organizations are at the heart of sociology 187Now that you know this . . . 191Glossary 193References 198Index 211

"Organizations structure our daily lives, but few of us recognize their powerful influence. In this book, Lune offers a clear and accessible introduction to organization studies. With its mix of classical theory, contemporary research, and vivid real-life examples, Understanding Organizations will enlighten students and professionals alike. Read this book to unlock the mysteries of complex organizations."—Christine Williams, University of Texas at Austin"Understanding Organizations is the most comprehensive, historical, and accessible treatment of the social science of organizations available now. It asks insightful questions, provides theoretically informed answers, will inspire students to study organizations and lay readers to critically evaluate the organizations surrounding us."—Kevin T. Leicht, University of Iowa

Howard Lune is Associate Professor of Sociology and the Director of the Applied Social Research Program at Hunter College, CUNY.

• List of Figures and Tables viiAcknowledgments viii1 Introducing Organizations 1What is an organization? 1The organizational society 8Key Readings 172 Classic Theories of Organizations 19Weber – bureaucracy and beyond 20Durkheim and the division of labor in society 28Karl Marx and the spirit of capitalism 32Conclusions 37Key Readings 383 Management and Administration 40How work works 41Rational systems – Fayol, Ford, Taylor 42Organizations as human systems 54Key Readings 604 Culture in Organizations 61What workers want 63The TVA and the hearts of men 67What workers feel 69Bureaucracy as a culture 71Organizational cultures at work 76Culture shift 78Dress for success 81Conclusions 82Key Readings 835 Organizational Dysfunctions 85Everyday dysfunction 86Built-in failures 96Disasters 99Key Readings 1046 Organizations and Environments 105Defi nitions and assumptions 105Relations among organizations 111The neo-institutional model 125Key Readings 1317 The Non- profi t Sector 132Defining the non-profit sector 133Why is there a non-profit sector? 135How are NPOs different? 140Commerce and community at an arts organization 144The three sectors intersect 145Key Readings 1538 Organizing for Social Change 154Community-based non-profits and the state 155Social change organizations 161Key Readings 1719 What's Next for the Sociology of Organizations? 173Which way is forward? 173Organizations are at the heart of sociology 187Now that you know this . . . 191Glossary 193References 198Index 211

"Organizations structure our daily lives, but few of us recognize their powerful influence. In this book, Lune offers a clear and accessible introduction to organization studies. With its mix of classical theory, contemporary research, and vivid real-life examples, Understanding Organizations will enlighten students and professionals alike. Read this book to unlock the mysteries of complex organizations."—Christine Williams, University of Texas at Austin"Understanding Organizations is the most comprehensive, historical, and accessible treatment of the social science of organizations available now. It asks insightful questions, provides theoretically informed answers, will inspire students to study organizations and lay readers to critically evaluate the organizations surrounding us."—Kevin T. Leicht, University of Iowa