Adrienne Shadd is a consultant, curator, and author, who has been recognized with the William P. Hubbard Award for Race Relations and the J.C. Holland Award for her research and writing.Afua Cooper is a multidisciplinary scholar, author, and artist. Her indomitable research on slavery and Black history has made her one of the leading figures in African Canadian studies and the authority on Canadian slavery.Karolyn Smardz Frost is an archaeologist, historian, and award-winning author. She and her team at the Toronto Board of Education's Archaeological Resource Centre uncovered the first Underground Railroad site in Canada.

• A Word from the Ontario Black History SocietyIntroduction1 Deborah Brown: Freedom Seeker2 Blacks in Early Toronto3 Underground Railroad to Toronto4 Social, Cultural, and Religious Life in Toronto's Black Community5 Life in the City6 Living on the Outskirts7 The World of Children8 Political Life9 Black Torontonians in the Civil War10 Notable Black Torontonians11 How Do We Know? History12 How Do We Know? ArchaeologyAcknowledgementsNotesFurther ReadingImage CreditsIndexAbout the Authors

Before and during the American Civil War, 30,000 to 40,000 freedom seekers from the United States escaped slavery and came to Canada. Three distinguished scholars of Black history tell that powerful story in this concise, readable and well-illustrated book, in a way that is accessible for students and general readers of many ages. The detailed social and political history is brought to life in dozens of remarkable profiles of the women, men and families who made that dangerous journey. We learn how they escaped, the terrible choices they often made to leave spouses and children behind, the jobs they found, the businesses they built and the ways they contributed to their new home. Originally published in 2002, this new edition retains the appealing format of the original but has been thoroughly revised and updated with much new information including a chapter on the archaeology of Toronto’s African Canadian past. The Underground Railroad enriches our understanding of the history of Toronto.

Adrienne Shadd is a consultant, curator, and author, who has been recognized with the William P. Hubbard Award for Race Relations and the J.C. Holland Award for her research and writing.Afua Cooper is a multidisciplinary scholar, author, and artist. Her indomitable research on slavery and Black history has made her one of the leading figures in African Canadian studies and the authority on Canadian slavery.Karolyn Smardz Frost is an archaeologist, historian, and award-winning author. She and her team at the Toronto Board of Education's Archaeological Resource Centre uncovered the first Underground Railroad site in Canada.

• A Word from the Ontario Black History SocietyIntroduction1 Deborah Brown: Freedom Seeker2 Blacks in Early Toronto3 Underground Railroad to Toronto4 Social, Cultural, and Religious Life in Toronto's Black Community5 Life in the City6 Living on the Outskirts7 The World of Children8 Political Life9 Black Torontonians in the Civil War10 Notable Black Torontonians11 How Do We Know? History12 How Do We Know? ArchaeologyAcknowledgementsNotesFurther ReadingImage CreditsIndexAbout the Authors

Before and during the American Civil War, 30,000 to 40,000 freedom seekers from the United States escaped slavery and came to Canada. Three distinguished scholars of Black history tell that powerful story in this concise, readable and well-illustrated book, in a way that is accessible for students and general readers of many ages. The detailed social and political history is brought to life in dozens of remarkable profiles of the women, men and families who made that dangerous journey. We learn how they escaped, the terrible choices they often made to leave spouses and children behind, the jobs they found, the businesses they built and the ways they contributed to their new home. Originally published in 2002, this new edition retains the appealing format of the original but has been thoroughly revised and updated with much new information including a chapter on the archaeology of Toronto’s African Canadian past. The Underground Railroad enriches our understanding of the history of Toronto.

Adrienne Shadd is a consultant, curator, and author, who has been recognized with the William P. Hubbard Award for Race Relations and the J.C. Holland Award for her research and writing.Afua Cooper is a multidisciplinary scholar, author, and artist. Her indomitable research on slavery and Black history has made her one of the leading figures in African Canadian studies and the authority on Canadian slavery.Karolyn Smardz Frost is an archaeologist, historian, and award-winning author. She and her team at the Toronto Board of Education's Archaeological Resource Centre uncovered the first Underground Railroad site in Canada.

• A Word from the Ontario Black History SocietyIntroduction1 Deborah Brown: Freedom Seeker2 Blacks in Early Toronto3 Underground Railroad to Toronto4 Social, Cultural, and Religious Life in Toronto's Black Community5 Life in the City6 Living on the Outskirts7 The World of Children8 Political Life9 Black Torontonians in the Civil War10 Notable Black Torontonians11 How Do We Know? History12 How Do We Know? ArchaeologyAcknowledgementsNotesFurther ReadingImage CreditsIndexAbout the Authors

Before and during the American Civil War, 30,000 to 40,000 freedom seekers from the United States escaped slavery and came to Canada. Three distinguished scholars of Black history tell that powerful story in this concise, readable and well-illustrated book, in a way that is accessible for students and general readers of many ages. The detailed social and political history is brought to life in dozens of remarkable profiles of the women, men and families who made that dangerous journey. We learn how they escaped, the terrible choices they often made to leave spouses and children behind, the jobs they found, the businesses they built and the ways they contributed to their new home. Originally published in 2002, this new edition retains the appealing format of the original but has been thoroughly revised and updated with much new information including a chapter on the archaeology of Toronto’s African Canadian past. The Underground Railroad enriches our understanding of the history of Toronto.