Unauthorized

Marisol Clark-Ibáñez is professor in the Department of Sociology at California State University San Marcos.She is the faculty director for the National Latino Research Center and the lead author of Undocumented Latino Youth. Richelle Swan is professor in the Department of Sociology at California State University San Marcos. She is co-author of Juvenile Delinquency in a Diverse Society and co-editor of Through the Eye of Katrina: Social Justice in the United States.

• ContentsList of Boxes and TablesAcknowledgments 1 Introduction Taking a Critical Human Rights Approach A Quick Look at the Numbers Why We Focus on Latinx Undocumented Immigrants Why Is There So Much Latinx Migration? Where Is That “Line”? Can a Person “Get in Line” by Being Sponsored by aFamily Member? Social Institutions—For All of Us Chapter Overview2 The Double-Edged Sword of the Media Portrait of Magdalena Myth and Myth Busted Media Framing of Immigration and Immigrants Creating a Moral Panic About Immigration Mixed Messages: Mainstream Media Coverage of Latinxs The Latinx Disconnect in the Media Media Stereotypes of Latinx Immigrants and Immigration Fueling Fear Inventing a Criminological Story Promoting Hate Speech Creating Threatening ImageryMoments of Mainstream Media ResistanceHumane Representations of Immigrants and Immigration Comics Television Shows Documentaries and Feature Films User-Generated Digital and Social Media 3 Shortchanged—Work and Labor Portrait of Arturo Myth and Myth Busted The Economic Contributions of Unauthorized Immigrants The Surprising Role of the IRS Myth and Myth Busted The Segmented Labor Market and the Myth of Job Displacement Labor Rights for Undocumented Workers Agricultural Work: Backbreaking and Essential Day Laborers: Vulnerable on the Streets Aging White Americans and Undocumented Workers Undocumented Women Workers Reporting Workplace Abuse Working Children and Youth Children and Agriculture: Major Loopholes Leading to Inequality Poultry and Meat Processing: Dangerous Work for UndocumentedImmigrants North Carolina Hog Workers Nebraska Meatpackers Workplace Raids and Deportation Undocumented Professionals: Smart, Persistent, and Committed tothe Cause The Role of Visas for Undocumented Workers “America’s Got Immigrant Talent!” Proposing a Human-Right-to-Work Framework 4 Educational Dreams and Barriers Portrait of Erika Myth and Myth Busted The (Leaking) Educational Pipeline for Undocumented Students Financial Barriers and Opportunities Place Matters: Educational Access Driven by Location Important Education Legislation Plyler v. Doe (1982): Guaranteeing Undocumented Children andYouth Public Education The Federal DREAM Act: A Not-Yet-Realized Pathway forUndocumented Youth Dreamer Identity Dreamer Identity Becoming DACAmented: Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals School as a Safe Zone: Protection from Immigration Enforcement Feeling “In Between” Returning to the Mexican Educational System Through Deportationor Necessity Undocumented Voices for Advocacy The Importance of Allies Inspiring Educational Alternatives Freedom University University of the People Becoming an Ally Including the Original Dreamers in Immigration Reform 5 Freefall with No Safety Net: Health Portrait of Blanca Myth and Myth Busted Myth and Myth Busted The Emergency Room: The Only Remaining Federal Protection How States “Do” (or Don’t Do) Health Care forUndocumented Immigrants Health Care Approaches of Selected States: New York, California,and Texas New York—“Lady Liberty’s Message” California—“A Ray of Hope” Texas—High Need, Oppressive Tactics The Difference a County Makes The Crucial Role of Community Clinics Effects of Immigration Policies: Bad for Health Undocumented Children and Youth Dental Care: Urgent Need and Few Resources Creation of a Mental Health Crisis Mental Health and Youth Harmful for Health: Raids, Detention, and Deportation Detention Centers: Troubling Solution, Terrifying Health Effects Children in Detention: Inflicting More Harm Doctors’ Moral Compasses and Professional Ethics 6 Legal Issues, Detention, and Deportation Portraits of Detention and Deportation from the NewsMyth and Myth BustedCrimmigration and the Immigration Industrial Complex Crimmigration = The Criminalization of Migrants The Effect of “Free” Trade Agreements Debunking the Criminal Immigrant Stereotype Imperfectly Addressing Immigrant Victimization: The U-Visaand T-Visa The Scope and Enforcement Methods of Customs and BorderProtection and Immigration and Customs Enforcement Customs and Border Protection and the 100 Air-Mile Zone Use of Force Claims Against the CBP Immigration and Customs Enforcement and Interior Enforcement Chilling Changes in ICE’s Policies and Enforcement Apprehensions in Formerly Protected Places and of FormerlyProtected People Federal Budgeting for Increased Detection, Detention,and Deportation An Overview of the Removal Process Operation Streamline: Moving Immigration Matters to theCriminal Courts Separating Families Detention The State of Detention Centers The Financial Benefits of Detention Deportation Legal Roots of the Modern Era of Deportation Deformalized Methods of Deportation “Deporters in Chief ” and Zero Tolerance Legal Representation in Deportation Cases Deportation Hearings in Detention Centers Veterans and Deportation 7 Resistance and Social Change Myth and Myth Busted Myth and Myth Busted Key Groups Working for Social Change Strategizing for Change Flipping the Script: The Use of Frame-Shifting Strategies Marching for Justice “Coming Out” Through Testimonios and Truth-Telling Transgressing Through Civil Disobedience and Direct Action Sitting-In and Staying Put Infiltrating Detention Centers Hunger Striking Against Injustice Boycotting Consumption and Companies Creating and Distributing Art Self-Deporting and Asserting the Right to Entry Creating Spaces of Sanctuary 8 Conclusion Recommendations Media Work Education Health Legal Issues, Detention, and DeportationResistance and Social Movements The Relevance of Global Migration Patterns Notes Bibliography Index

Undocumented immigrants confront a myriad of challenges while carrying out their daily lives in America. California State University sociology professors Clark-Ibañez and Swan present a meticulously researched and rigorously annotated book for the general reader that focuses on "the inherent rights of all people to be treated with respect and dignity.” They thoroughly explore the challenges faced by unauthorized immigrants in the areas of education, labor, health, law, and representation in the media. Each chapter is enlivened with real people’s life stories and contains a wealth of resources for immigrants, community members, and advocates. Additionally, Clark-Ibañez and Swan carefully analyze the immigration situation in the U.S. within the global context of people on the move worldwide. Ending with a hopeful concluding chapter which emphasizes people's resiliency and generosity, the authors present recommendations that range from fantastical (open borders) to possible (comprehensive immigration reform) solutions for each arena of study. With its bounty of richly drawn context and bounty of relevant information and useful resources, this will be a welcome addition to all collections.